Study with our free HESI Exit Exam Questions, Qbank Test 7. The questions include answers and detailed explanations. HESI Exit nursing topics focus on critical thinking, priorities of care, health promotion and maintenance, safe and effective care, and basic care and comfort, treatments and nursing management. Achieve your best grade on the HESI Exit Exam!
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HESI Exit Question: A pediatric patient is diagnosed with diaper dermatitis (diaper rash). What is the most appropriate topical medication for managing diaper dermatitis in infants?
Explanation
The correct answer is:
Zinc oxide ointment is the most appropriate topical medication for managing diaper dermatitis in infants. It forms a protective barrier on the skin, helping to prevent and alleviate diaper rash. Oral antibiotics are not used for diaper rash, and hydrocortisone cream is not typically recommended for infants. Topical antifungal creams are used for fungal infections, which are different from diaper dermatitis. Dermatology
HESI Exit Question: A patient with a history of eczema is experiencing a flare-up with intense itching and skin inflammation. Which topical medication is commonly prescribed to manage eczema symptoms and inflammation?
Explanation
The correct answer is:
Hydrocortisone cream is commonly prescribed to manage eczema symptoms and inflammation. It contains a mild corticosteroid that helps reduce itching and inflammation associated with eczema flare-ups. Antibiotics and oral antifungal medications are not used to treat eczema, and topical antiperspirants are not appropriate for eczema management.
HESI Exit Question: A patient with seborrheic dermatitis on their scalp seeks relief from persistent dandruff and redness. Which topical medication is commonly recommended for managing seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp?
Explanation
The correct answer is:
Tar-based shampoos are commonly recommended for managing seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp. These shampoos help control dandruff and reduce redness and itching associated with the condition. Antibiotics and hydrocortisone cream are not typically used for seborrheic dermatitis on the scalp, and topical antiperspirants are not suitable for this condition.
HESI Exit Question: A patient with chronic hand dermatitis is seeking relief from severe itching and skin inflammation. Which class of topical medications, often prescribed for dermatitis, should be considered as a treatment option for this patient?
Explanation
The correct answer is:
Topical corticosteroids are often prescribed for dermatitis, including chronic hand dermatitis, to reduce itching and inflammation. They are effective in managing the symptoms associated with dermatitis. Topical antibiotics are not typically used for dermatitis unless there is an infection present. Topical antifungal creams are for fungal infections, and topical antiperspirants are not suitable for dermatitis management.
HESI Exit Question: A patient has been diagnosed with perioral dermatitis, a rash that appears around the mouth and sometimes the eyes. What type of topical medications should be avoided in the management of perioral dermatitis?
Explanation
The correct answer is:
Topical corticosteroids should be avoided in the management of perioral dermatitis as they can worsen the condition and lead to a rebound effect. The rash may initially improve with corticosteroids but can return with increased severity once the treatment is stopped. Topical antibiotics, topical antifungal creams, and topical retinoids are considered more appropriate treatments for perioral dermatitis.
HESI Exit Question: A patient is experiencing severe itching and redness associated with allergic contact dermatitis. Which class of topical medications is commonly used for managing allergic contact dermatitis symptoms?
Explanation
The correct answer is:
Topical corticosteroids are commonly used for managing symptoms of allergic contact dermatitis, including itching and redness. They help reduce inflammation and provide relief from discomfort. Topical antihistamines are not typically used for dermatitis. Topical antifungal creams are for fungal infections, and topical retinoids are used for different dermatological conditions.
HESI Exit Question: A 7-year-old child presents with red, itchy patches on their arms and legs. The child’s parent reports a history of allergies in the family. What is the most likely type of dermatitis affecting this child?
Explanation
The correct answer is:
The most likely type of dermatitis affecting this child with a family history of allergies is atopic dermatitis, commonly known as eczema. Atopic dermatitis often presents with red, itchy patches on the skin, especially in children. It is associated with a family history of allergies and typically begins in early childhood. Contact dermatitis can also cause similar symptoms but is usually triggered by contact with specific irritants or allergens. Seborrheic dermatitis and psoriasis may present differently and are less common in young children.
HESI Exit Question: A 5-year-old child presents with a red, scaly rash on their scalp. The rash is accompanied by itching and flaking. What is the most likely diagnosis for this child’s dermatitis?
Explanation
The correct answer is:
The most likely diagnosis for this child’s dermatitis with a red, scaly rash on the scalp is seborrheic dermatitis. Seborrheic dermatitis commonly affects the scalp and presents with symptoms such as itching and flaking. It is different from atopic dermatitis (eczema), which often appears in flexural areas. Contact dermatitis typically results from exposure to irritants or allergens, and impetigo is characterized by honey-colored crusting lesions, unlike this child’s symptoms.
HESI Exit Question: A 3-year-old child is brought to the clinic with a rash in the diaper area. The rash is red, inflamed, and has papules and pustules. What is the most likely diagnosis for this child’s dermatitis?
Explanation
The correct answer is:
The most likely diagnosis for this child’s dermatitis with a red, inflamed rash in the diaper area, along with papules and pustules, is diaper dermatitis, commonly known as diaper rash. This condition occurs due to prolonged skin contact with moisture and irritants in the diaper area. Atopic dermatitis and seborrheic dermatitis have different presentations, and psoriasis is less common in young children.
HESI Exit Question: A 10-year-old child presents with an itchy, red rash with raised, scaly patches on the flexural areas of the elbows and knees. What is the most likely diagnosis for this child’s dermatitis?
Explanation
The correct answer is:
The most likely diagnosis for this child’s dermatitis with an itchy, red rash in the flexural areas of the elbows and knees is atopic dermatitis (eczema). Atopic dermatitis commonly presents in these areas in children. Seborrheic dermatitis is typically seen on the scalp, contact dermatitis results from exposure to irritants or allergens, and impetigo is characterized by honey-colored crusting lesions, unlike this child’s symptoms.
HESI Exit Question: A 6-year-old child presents with a red, raised, and intensely itchy rash with linear burrows on the hands and wrists. What is the most likely diagnosis for this child’s dermatitis?
Explanation
The correct answer is:
The most likely diagnosis for this child’s dermatitis with linear burrows on the hands and wrists is scabies. Scabies is a parasitic infestation caused by the Sarcoptes scabiei mite and is characterized by intensely itchy, raised burrows on the skin. Seborrheic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, and atopic dermatitis have different presentations and are not characterized by burrows.
HESI Exit Question: An 80-year-old patient was admitted to the hospital with a stage 3 pressure ulcer on their sacrum. The wound shows signs of infection, including purulent drainage and foul odor. What is the most appropriate wound care intervention for this patient’s infected pressure ulcer?
Explanation
The correct answer is:
For an infected pressure ulcer with purulent drainage and foul odor, the most appropriate wound care intervention is to apply an antimicrobial ointment to address infection and then cover the wound with a sterile dressing. This helps create an optimal environment for wound healing while controlling infection. Moisture-retentive and hydrocolloid dressings are often used for clean wounds, and leaving the wound open to air is not suitable for infected wounds.
HESI Exit Question: A 75-year-old patient has a stage 2 pressure ulcer on their left heel with intact blisters filled with clear fluid. What is the most appropriate intervention for managing this pressure ulcer?
Explanation
The correct answer is:
For a stage 2 pressure ulcer with intact blisters filled with clear fluid, the most appropriate intervention is to leave the blisters intact and apply a foam dressing. Popping the blisters can increase the risk of infection, so they should be preserved. Hydrogel dressings are typically used for dry wounds, and debridement is not indicated for intact blisters in this case. Topical antimicrobial ointment can be considered if there are signs of infection.
HESI Exit Question: A bedridden patient has developed a stage 4 pressure ulcer on their lower back. The wound is necrotic and exhibits signs of infection. What is the most appropriate wound care intervention for this patient’s advanced pressure ulcer?
Explanation
The correct answer is:
For an advanced stage 4 pressure ulcer with necrosis and signs of infection, the most appropriate intervention is to perform surgical debridement immediately to remove necrotic tissue and control infection. Hydrocolloid dressings are typically used for less severe wounds with minimal necrosis, while systemic antibiotics alone may not address the necrotic tissue. Conservative wound debridement may not be sufficient for this advanced stage.
HESI Exit Question: A patient with limited mobility is at risk for developing pressure ulcers. Which of the following strategies is most effective in preventing pressure ulcers in this patient?
Explanation
The correct answer is:
The most effective strategy in preventing pressure ulcers in a patient with limited mobility is frequent repositioning and offloading pressure from vulnerable areas. Keeping the patient immobile can actually increase the risk of pressure ulcers due to prolonged pressure on specific areas. Heat therapy is not typically used for prevention, and using a high-pressure mattress alone may not be as effective as a combination of strategies including repositioning.
HESI Exit Question: A nurse is caring for a patient with a stage 1 pressure ulcer on the patient’s left heel. What is the most appropriate initial intervention for this pressure ulcer?
Explanation
The correct answer is:
For a stage 1 pressure ulcer, the most appropriate initial intervention is to implement pressure-relieving measures and monitor for progression. This may include offloading pressure from the affected area and providing appropriate wound care. Surgical debridement is not typically indicated for stage 1 ulcers, and elevating the leg alone may not address the issue. Hydrocolloid dressings are
HESI Exit Question: A 65-year-old patient presents with a non-healing ulcer on the lateral aspect of their right ankle. The wound is characterized by minimal exudate, well-defined edges, and a pale, necrotic base. What is the most likely type of ulcer in this patient, and what is the appropriate intervention?
Explanation
The correct answer is:
The most likely type of ulcer in this patient with a non-healing ulcer on the lateral aspect of the right ankle, characterized by minimal exudate, well-defined edges, and a pale, necrotic base, is an arterial ulcer. Arterial ulcers result from inadequate blood supply to the tissues, typically due to arterial disease such as peripheral artery disease (PAD). The appropriate intervention for arterial ulcers is revascularization to improve blood flow to the affected area. Venous ulcers, diabetic foot ulcers, and pressure ulcers have different characteristics and require different management approaches.
HESI Exit Question: 60-year-old patient presents with a painful ulcer on the tips of their toes. The ulcer is deep, with gangrenous tissue and a foul odor. What is the most likely type of ulcer, and what is the appropriate intervention?
Explanation
The correct answer is:
The most likely type of ulcer in this patient with a painful ulcer on the tips of their toes, deep gangrenous tissue, and a foul odor is an arterial ulcer. Arterial ulcers result from inadequate blood supply to the tissues, leading to tissue necrosis. The appropriate intervention for arterial ulcers is revascularization to improve blood flow. Venous ulcers, diabetic foot ulcers, and pressure ulcers have different characteristics and require different management approaches.
HESI Exit Question: A 70-year-old patient with a history of smoking presents with a painful, non-healing ulcer on their lower leg. The wound has irregular edges and is accompanied by signs of venous insufficiency. What is the most likely type of ulcer, and what is the appropriate intervention?
Explanation
The correct answer is:
The most likely type of ulcer in this patient with a painful, non-healing ulcer on the lower leg, irregular edges, and signs of venous insufficiency is a venous ulcer. Venous ulcers are associated with venous insufficiency and are typically managed with compression therapy to improve venous return and wound healing. Arterial ulcers, diabetic foot ulcers, and pressure ulcers have different characteristics and require different interventions.
HESI Exit Question: A diabetic patient presents with an ulcer on the sole of their foot. The ulcer is shallow with a pink wound bed and is accompanied by neuropathy. What is the most likely type of ulcer, and what is the appropriate intervention?
Explanation
The correct answer is:
The most likely type of ulcer in this diabetic patient with an ulcer on the sole of their foot, a shallow pink wound bed, and neuropathy is a diabetic foot ulcer. Diabetic foot ulcers often result from pressure and trauma due to neuropathy and require offloading of pressure and meticulous wound care. Arterial ulcers, venous ulcers, and pressure ulcers have different characteristics and require different management approaches.
HESI Exit Question: A patient with limited mobility develops an ulcer on their sacrum. The ulcer is characterized by damage to the skin and underlying tissue due to sustained pressure. What is the most likely type of ulcer, and what is the appropriate intervention?
Explanation
The correct answer is:
The most likely type of ulcer in this patient with limited mobility and an ulcer on the sacrum due to sustained pressure is a pressure ulcer. Pressure ulcers result from prolonged pressure on the skin and underlying tissue, leading to tissue damage. The appropriate intervention for pressure ulcers includes offloading pressure, using foam dressings, and implementing a schedule of frequent turning to relieve pressure on affected areas. Arterial ulcers, venous ulcers, and diabetic foot ulcers have different etiologies and require different treatments.
HESI Exit Question: A 65-year-old patient presents with a wound on their lower extremity. The wound is characterized by minimal exudate, well-defined edges, and a pale, necrotic base. What is the most likely type of ulcer in this patient, and what is the appropriate intervention?
Explanation
The correct answer is:
The most likely type of ulcer in this patient with a wound characterized by minimal exudate, well-defined edges, and a pale, necrotic base is an arterial ulcer. Arterial ulcers typically result from inadequate blood supply to the tissues, often due to arterial disease such as peripheral artery disease (PAD). The appropriate intervention for arterial ulcers is revascularization to improve blood flow to the affected area. Venous ulcers, diabetic foot ulcers, and pressure ulcers have different characteristics and require different management approaches.
HESI Exit Question: A 60-year-old patient presents with a painful wound on the tips of their toes. The wound is deep, with gangrenous tissue and a foul odor. What is the most likely type of ulcer, and what is the appropriate intervention?
Explanation
The correct answer is:
The most likely type of ulcer in this patient with a painful wound on the tips of their toes, deep gangrenous tissue, and a foul odor is an arterial ulcer. Arterial ulcers result from inadequate blood supply to the tissues, leading to tissue necrosis. The appropriate intervention for arterial ulcers is revascularization to improve blood flow. Venous ulcers, diabetic foot ulcers, and pressure ulcers have different characteristics and require different management approaches.
HESI Exit Question: A 70-year-old patient with a history of smoking presents with a painful, non-healing wound on their lower leg. The wound has irregular edges and is accompanied by signs of venous insufficiency. What is the most likely type of ulcer, and what is the appropriate intervention?
Explanation
The correct answer is:
The most likely type of ulcer in this patient with a painful, non-healing wound on the lower leg, irregular edges, and signs of venous insufficiency is a venous ulcer. Venous ulcers are associated with venous insufficiency and are typically managed with compression therapy to improve venous return and wound healing. Arterial ulcers, diabetic foot ulcers, and pressure ulcers have different characteristics and require different management approaches.
HESI Exit Question: A diabetic patient presents with a wound on the sole of their foot. The wound is shallow with a pink wound bed and is accompanied by neuropathy. What is the most likely type of ulcer, and what is the appropriate intervention?
Explanation
The correct answer is:
The most likely type of ulcer in this diabetic patient with a wound on the sole of their foot, a shallow pink wound bed, and neuropathy is a diabetic foot ulcer. Diabetic foot ulcers often result from pressure and trauma due to neuropathy and require offloading of pressure and meticulous wound care. Arterial ulcers, venous ulcers, and pressure ulcers have different etiologies and require different treatments.
HESI Exit Question: A patient with limited mobility develops a wound on their sacrum. The wound is characterized by damage to the skin and underlying tissue due to sustained pressure. What is the most likely type of ulcer, and what is the appropriate intervention?
Explanation
The correct answer is:
The most likely type of ulcer in this patient with limited mobility and a wound on the sacrum due to sustained pressure is a pressure ulcer. Pressure ulcers result from prolonged pressure on the skin and underlying tissue, leading to tissue damage. The appropriate intervention for pressure ulcers includes offloading pressure, using foam dressings, and implementing a schedule of frequent turning to relieve pressure on affected areas. Arterial ulcers, venous ulcers, and diabetic foot ulcers have different etiologies and require different treatments.
HESI Exit Question: A 70-year-old patient presents with a chronic leg ulcer. The wound is characterized by irregular wound edges, moderate exudate, and granulation tissue. What is the most likely type of ulcer in this patient, and what is the appropriate intervention?
Explanation
The correct answer is:
The most likely type of ulcer in this patient with a chronic leg ulcer, irregular wound edges, moderate exudate, and granulation tissue is a venous ulcer. Venous ulcers typically result from venous insufficiency, and the appropriate intervention is compression therapy to improve venous return and wound healing. Arterial ulcers, diabetic foot ulcers, and pressure ulcers have different characteristics and require different management approaches.
HESI Exit Question: A 55-year-old patient presents with a lower leg ulcer that is painful and shallow, with irregular wound edges. The wound has a moderate amount of exudate. What is the most likely type of ulcer, and what is the appropriate intervention?
Explanation
The correct answer is:
The most likely type of ulcer in this patient with a painful, shallow leg ulcer, irregular wound edges, and moderate exudate is a venous ulcer. Venous ulcers are often painful and result from venous insufficiency. The appropriate intervention for venous ulcers is compression therapy to improve venous return and facilitate wound healing. Arterial ulcers, diabetic foot ulcers, and pressure ulcers have different characteristics and require different management approaches.
HESI Exit Question: A 62-year-old patient presents with a leg ulcer characterized by hemosiderin staining, edema, and varicose veins. The patient reports aching and discomfort in the affected leg. What is the most likely type of ulcer, and what is the appropriate intervention?
Explanation
The correct answer is:
The most likely type of ulcer in this patient with leg ulceration, hemosiderin staining, edema, varicose veins, and discomfort in the affected leg is a venous ulcer. Venous ulcers often present with these signs and symptoms and are associated with venous insufficiency. The appropriate intervention for venous ulcers is compression therapy to improve venous return and reduce edema. Arterial ulcers, diabetic foot ulcers, and pressure ulcers have different characteristics and require different treatments.
HESI Exit Question: A patient with a history of diabetes presents with a lower leg ulcer. The wound is characterized by neuropathy, a deep wound with exposed bone, and minimal exudate. What is the most likely type of ulcer, and what is the appropriate intervention?
Explanation
The correct answer is:
The most likely type of ulcer in this patient with diabetes, neuropathy, a deep wound with exposed bone, and minimal exudate is a diabetic foot ulcer. Diabetic foot ulcers often occur due to neuropathy and require offloading of pressure from the affected area along with meticulous wound care. Arterial ulcers, venous ulcers, and pressure ulcers have different characteristics and require different treatments.
HESI Exit Question: An elderly patient who is bedridden develops an ulcer on their sacrum. The wound is characterized by tissue damage due to sustained pressure. What is the most likely type of ulcer, and what is the appropriate intervention?
Explanation
The correct answer is:
The most likely type of ulcer in this bedridden elderly patient with an ulcer on the sacrum due to sustained pressure is a pressure ulcer. Pressure ulcers result from prolonged pressure on the skin and underlying tissue, leading to tissue damage. The appropriate intervention for pressure ulcers includes offloading pressure, using foam dressings, and implementing a schedule of frequent turning to relieve pressure on affected areas. Arterial ulcers, venous ulcers, and diabetic foot ulcers have different etiologies and require different treatments.
HESI Exit Question: A 45-year-old patient presents with a pigmented lesion on their back that has been changing in size and color over the past few months. On examination, you notice asymmetry, irregular borders, variegated color, and a diameter greater than 6 mm. What is the most likely type of skin cancer in this patient, and what is the appropriate intervention?
Explanation
The correct answer is:
The most likely type of skin cancer in this patient with a changing, pigmented lesion showing features of asymmetry, irregular borders, variegated color, and a diameter greater than 6 mm is melanoma. Melanoma is an aggressive form of skin cancer that requires prompt wide excision of the lesion and a lymph node biopsy to assess for potential metastasis. Basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and actinic keratosis have different characteristics and management approaches.
HESI Exit Question: A 60-year-old patient presents with a non-healing ulcerated lesion on their face. On examination, you notice a nodular, pearly appearance with telangiectasia and a central ulcer. What is the most likely type of skin cancer in this patient, and what is the appropriate intervention?
Explanation
The correct answer is:
The most likely type of skin cancer in this patient with a nodular, pearly lesion on the face, telangiectasia, and a central ulcer is basal cell carcinoma. Basal cell carcinoma is a common, slow-growing skin cancer that typically presents on sun-exposed areas. The appropriate intervention for basal cell carcinoma is excision. Squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma, and actinic keratosis have different characteristics and management approaches.
HESI Exit Question: A 55-year-old patient presents with a scaly, erythematous patch on their forearm. The lesion has been gradually enlarging and appears to be related to chronic sun exposure. What is the most likely type of skin cancer in this patient, and what is the appropriate intervention?
Explanation
The correct answer is:
The most likely type of skin cancer in this patient with a scaly, erythematous patch on the forearm related to chronic sun exposure is squamous cell carcinoma. Squamous cell carcinoma is associated with chronic sun damage and may present as scaly, erythematous lesions. The appropriate intervention for squamous cell carcinoma is Mohs surgery, which offers high cure rates and tissue preservation. Basal cell carcinoma, melanoma, and actinic keratosis have different characteristics and management approaches.
HESI Exit Question: A 40-year-old patient presents with a dark, irregularly shaped mole on their back. The mole has changed in size and color over the past few months and shows asymmetry and uneven borders. What is the most likely type of skin cancer in this patient, and what is the appropriate intervention?
Explanation
The correct answer is:
The most likely type of skin cancer in this patient with a changing, dark, irregularly shaped mole on the back showing asymmetry and uneven borders is melanoma. Melanoma is a highly aggressive form of skin cancer that requires prompt wide excision of the lesion and a lymph node biopsy to assess for potential metastasis. Basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and actinic keratosis have different characteristics and management approaches.
HESI Exit Question: A 65-year-old patient with a history of sunburns presents with multiple small, scaly lesions on their face and forearms. These lesions are dry and rough to the touch. What is the most likely type of skin condition in this patient, and what is the appropriate intervention?
Explanation
The correct answer is:
The most likely skin condition in this patient with multiple small, scaly lesions on sun-exposed areas, a history of sunburns, and dry, rough texture is actinic keratosis. Actinic keratosis is a precancerous lesion that can progress to squamous cell carcinoma if left untreated. The appropriate interventions for actinic keratosis include cryotherapy (freezing) or topical therapy (e.g., topical fluorouracil or imiquimod). Basal cell carcinoma, melanoma, and squamous cell carcinoma have different characteristics and management approaches.
HESI Exit Question: A 35-year-old patient presents with persistent bone pain, especially at night. On further evaluation, imaging reveals a lytic lesion in the proximal femur. What is the most likely type of bone cancer in this patient, and what is the appropriate intervention?
Explanation
The correct answer is:
The most likely type of bone cancer in this patient with persistent bone pain and a lytic lesion in the proximal femur is osteosarcoma. Osteosarcoma is a primary bone tumor that often presents in young adults. The appropriate intervention for osteosarcoma is wide surgical excision to remove the tumor and affected bone. Ewing sarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and multiple myeloma have different characteristics and management approaches.
HESI Exit Question: A 17-year-old patient presents with a painful, palpable mass in the diaphysis of their tibia. Imaging shows a “sunburst” pattern on X-ray. What is the most likely type of bone cancer in this patient, and what is the appropriate intervention?
A. Osteosarcoma; wide surgical excision.
B. Ewing sarcoma; chemotherapy and radiation therapy.
C. Chondrosarcoma; surgical resection.
D. Multiple myeloma; chemotherapy and supportive care.
Explanation
The correct answer is:
The most likely type of bone cancer in this young patient with a painful, palpable mass in the tibia and a “sunburst” pattern on X-ray is Ewing sarcoma. Ewing sarcoma is a highly malignant bone tumor that primarily affects adolescents and young adults. The appropriate intervention for Ewing sarcoma involves a combination of chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and multiple myeloma have different characteristics and management approaches.
HESI Exit Question: A 50-year-old patient presents with persistent bone pain and pathologic fractures in multiple bones. Blood tests reveal elevated serum calcium levels and anemia. What is the most likely type of bone cancer in this patient, and what is the appropriate intervention?
Explanation
The correct answer is:
The most likely type of bone cancer in this patient with persistent bone pain, pathologic fractures, elevated serum calcium levels, and anemia is multiple myeloma. Multiple myeloma is a plasma cell neoplasm that affects the bone marrow and bone tissue. The appropriate intervention for multiple myeloma involves chemotherapy and supportive care to manage symptoms and slow disease progression. Osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, and chondrosarcoma have different characteristics and management approaches.
HESI Exit Question: A 45-year-old patient presents with a slow-growing mass in the pelvic bone. Imaging reveals a lobulated, calcified lesion. What is the most likely type of bone cancer in this patient, and what is the appropriate intervention?
Explanation
The correct answer is:
The most likely type of bone cancer in this patient with a slow-growing, calcified lesion in the pelvic bone is chondrosarcoma. Chondrosarcoma is a malignant tumor of cartilage-forming cells. The appropriate intervention for chondrosarcoma is surgical resection. Osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, and multiple myeloma have different characteristics and management approaches.
HESI Exit Question: A 60-year-old patient presents with bone pain and imaging shows a lytic lesion in the vertebral column. Blood tests reveal elevated alkaline phosphatase levels. What is the most likely type of bone cancer in this patient, and what is the appropriate intervention?
Explanation
The correct answer is:
The most likely type of bone cancer in this patient with bone pain, a lytic lesion in the vertebral column, and elevated alkaline phosphatase levels is osteosarcoma. Osteosarcoma is a primary malignant bone tumor that often presents in adolescents and young adults. The appropriate intervention for osteosarcoma is wide surgical excision to remove the tumor and affected bone. Ewing sarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and multiple myeloma have different characteristics and management approaches.
