As you gear up to conquer your Medical Surgical nursing course and the NCLEX, understanding how to answer NCLEX-style questions is paramount to your success. Study with our Medical-Surgical nursing exam question Qbanks. The questions include answers and detailed explanations. The exam subjects include medical surgical nursing topics including priorities of care, health promotion and maintenance, safe and effective care, and basic care and comfort, treatments and nursing management peritonitis, peptic ulcer, splenomegaly, pancreatitis, EGD, gastroscopy, colonsocopy, abdominal x-rays, GI series, GI bleed ascites, liver failure, and paracentesis.
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Medical-Surgical Qbank, Test 8
A 45-year-old patient presents with abdominal discomfort and fullness. Physical examination reveals an enlarged spleen. What is the most common cause of splenomegaly in adults?
Hematologic disorders, such as leukemia and lymphoma, are the most common causes of splenomegaly in adults. It is important to investigate and manage the underlying hematologic condition.
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A 30-year-old patient with splenomegaly presents with left upper quadrant pain and fatigue. What should the nurse advise this patient to avoid?
The nurse should advise the patient to avoid strenuous physical activity as it may lead to rupture of the enlarged spleen, causing a potentially life-threatening situation.
A 50-year-old patient with splenomegaly is diagnosed with an underlying hematologic disorder. What treatment modality is commonly used to manage splenomegaly in these cases?
Splenectomy, the surgical removal of the spleen, is commonly used to manage splenomegaly in cases where an underlying hematologic disorder is present. This procedure can help improve symptoms and prevent complications.
Medical-Surgical Nursing Questions: Splenomegaly Treatments
A 35-year-old patient with splenomegaly due to a viral infection is experiencing severe pain and fever. What is the appropriate treatment for this patient?
The appropriate treatment for this patient with viral infection-related splenomegaly is pain management and rest. Viral infections usually resolve with supportive care.
Medical-Surgical Nursing Questions Focus on Splenomegaly: Causes and Diagnosis
A 60-year-old patient with splenomegaly due to cirrhosis is at risk of developing complications. What condition is the patient most at risk for?
The patient with splenomegaly due to cirrhosis is most at risk for developing portal hypertension, which can lead to various complications such as esophageal varices and ascites.
A 45-year-old patient presents with severe abdominal pain radiating to the back, nausea, and vomiting. Laboratory tests show elevated amylase and lipase levels. What is the most common cause of acute pancreatitis?
Gallstones are the most common cause of acute pancreatitis. They can obstruct the pancreatic duct, leading to inflammation and enzyme release into the pancreas, causing the characteristic symptoms.
Medical-Surgical Nursing Questions Focus on Splenomegaly: Medications
A 30-year-old patient with acute pancreatitis is admitted to the hospital. What is the primary goal of treatment during the acute phase?
The primary goal of treatment during the acute phase of pancreatitis is effective pain management to provide relief and improve the patient’s comfort.
A 50-year-old patient with chronic pancreatitis is experiencing steatorrhea and weight loss. What intervention is essential to manage these symptoms?
Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy is essential to manage steatorrhea and weight loss in patients with chronic pancreatitis. It helps improve fat digestion and absorption.
Medical-Surgical Nursing Questions: Understanding Pancreatitis Causes and Symptoms
A 35-year-old patient with acute pancreatitis has developed pseudocysts. What is the typical management approach for pseudocysts?
The typical management approach for pseudocysts in acute pancreatitis is conservative management, which involves observation and monitoring for resolution or intervention if necessary. Surgical drainage is reserved for complications.
A 60-year-old patient with chronic pancreatitis is at risk of developing diabetes mellitus. What type of diabetes is commonly associated with chronic pancreatitis?
Chronic pancreatitis is commonly associated with the development of type 2 diabetes due to the progressive loss of pancreatic function and insulin production over time.
Understanding Pancreatitis : Causes and Symptoms
A 55-year-old patient presents with dark, tarry stools and fatigue. The patient has a history of peptic ulcers. What is the most common cause of lower GI bleeding in this patient?
Peptic ulcer recurrence is the most common cause of lower GI bleeding in a patient with a history of peptic ulcers. Repeated ulceration can lead to bleeding and necessitates evaluation and treatment.
A 40-year-old patient with lower GI bleeding is hypotensive and requires urgent intervention. What is the initial treatment priority for this patient?
The initial treatment priority for a hypotensive patient with lower GI bleeding is fluid resuscitation to stabilize hemodynamics and maintain perfusion. Blood transfusion may be necessary but should follow fluid resuscitation.
A 50-year-old patient with lower GI bleeding has been diagnosed with diverticulosis. What is the recommended treatment for diverticular bleeding?
The recommended treatment for diverticular bleeding is endoscopic therapy, such as endoscopic hemostasis with clips or epinephrine injection, to control bleeding and prevent rebleeding.
Understanding Pancreatitis : Medical-Surgical Nursing Questions
A 45-year-old patient with lower GI bleeding is found to have colorectal cancer. What is the definitive treatment for colorectal cancer with lower GI bleeding?
The definitive treatment for colorectal cancer with lower GI bleeding is surgical resection, which aims to remove the cancerous tissue and prevent further bleeding or metastasis.
A 60-year-old patient with lower GI bleeding is diagnosed with hemorrhoids. What is the first-line treatment for hemorrhoidal bleeding?
The first-line treatment for hemorrhoidal bleeding is the use of sitz baths, which can provide relief and reduce bleeding. Other measures may be considered if symptoms persist.
Understanding Pancreatitis : Medical-Surgical Nursing High Yield Questions
A 60-year-old patient presents with hematemesis (vomiting blood) and melena (black, tarry stools). The patient has a history of peptic ulcers. What is the most common cause of upper GI bleeding in this patient?
Peptic ulcer recurrence is the most common cause of upper GI bleeding in a patient with a history of peptic ulcers. It can lead to erosions or ulcerations in the stomach or duodenum, resulting in bleeding.
Medical-Surgical Nursing Questions: Pancreatitis Questions, Answers and Rationales
A 45-year-old patient with upper GI bleeding is hemodynamically unstable and requires immediate intervention. What is the initial treatment priority for this patient?
The initial treatment priority for a hemodynamically unstable patient with upper GI bleeding is fluid resuscitation to restore blood volume and stabilize hemodynamics.
A 50-year-old patient with upper GI bleeding is diagnosed with esophageal varices. What intervention is essential to manage esophageal variceal bleeding?
The essential intervention to manage esophageal variceal bleeding is endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL), which helps control bleeding and prevent rebleeding episodes.
A 35-year-old patient with upper GI bleeding is found to have gastric cancer. What is a common treatment approach for advanced gastric cancer with bleeding?
A common treatment approach for advanced gastric cancer with bleeding is surgical resection, which aims to remove the cancerous tissue and control bleeding.
Understanding Pancreatitis : Medical-Surgical Nursing Priority Questions
A 40-year-old patient with upper GI bleeding is diagnosed with Mallory-Weiss tears. What is the primary treatment for Mallory-Weiss tears?
The primary treatment for Mallory-Weiss tears is the use of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy to reduce gastric acid secretion and promote healing of the tears. In most cases, this conservative approach is effective.
A 55-year-old patient with a history of liver cirrhosis presents with abdominal distention, discomfort, and shifting dullness on physical examination. What is the most common cause of ascites in patients with liver cirrhosis?
Portal hypertension, often associated with liver cirrhosis, is the most common cause of ascites. It leads to increased pressure in the portal vein, resulting in the accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity.
A 40-year-old patient with ascites is experiencing shortness of breath and respiratory distress. What is the term for the accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity that leads to this respiratory complication?
The term for the accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity that leads to respiratory complications such as shortness of breath is pleural effusion. This can occur as ascites fluid migrates into the pleural space.
A 50-year-old patient with ascites is at risk of developing spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP). What is the recommended treatment for SBP?
The recommended treatment for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is intravenous antibiotics to target the infection. Prompt treatment is crucial to prevent complications in ascitic patients.
Understanding Pancreatitis : Medical-Surgical Nursing Delegation Questions
A 35-year-old patient with ascites is not responding well to diuretic therapy. What procedure can be performed to remove excess fluid from the peritoneal cavity?
Paracentesis is a procedure that can be performed to remove excess fluid from the peritoneal cavity in patients with ascites. It provides symptomatic relief and helps diagnose the underlying cause of ascites.
A 60-year-old patient with ascites is advised to follow a low-sodium diet. Why is sodium restriction important in the management of ascites?
Sodium restriction is important in the management of ascites because it helps minimize fluid retention. Reducing sodium intake can lead to a decrease in fluid accumulation in the body, thereby improving ascites control.
A 55-year-old patient with a history of chronic heartburn and difficulty swallowing is scheduled for an EGD. What is the primary purpose of an EGD in this patient?
The primary purpose of an EGD (Esophagogastroduodenoscopy) is to examine the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum. It helps diagnose conditions such as GERD, ulcers, and Barrett’s esophagus.
A 40-year-old patient with a family history of colorectal cancer is advised to undergo a colonoscopy. What is a common indication for a colonoscopy in this patient?
Colorectal cancer screening is a common indication for a colonoscopy, especially in individuals with a family history of colorectal cancer or other risk factors. It allows for the detection and removal of precancerous polyps.
A 50-year-old patient with iron-deficiency anemia is undergoing an EGD and colonoscopy. What is the potential source of bleeding that these procedures can help diagnose?
EGD and colonoscopy can help diagnose the source of gastrointestinal bleeding, which may be causing iron-deficiency anemia in this patient. They allow visualization and assessment of the GI tract.
A 35-year-old patient with a history of Crohn’s disease is scheduled for a colonoscopy. What is the primary goal of a colonoscopy in this patient?
In a patient with Crohn’s disease, a colonoscopy is primarily performed to assess the extent of the disease in the colon and identify areas of inflammation or ulceration.
A 60-year-old patient with recurrent acid reflux symptoms is undergoing an EGD. What can an EGD help diagnose in this patient?
An EGD can help diagnose conditions such as Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) by visualizing the esophagus and identifying signs of inflammation or damage caused by acid reflux.
A 45-year-old patient presents with recurrent episodes of upper abdominal pain, bloating, and nausea. The physician recommends an EGD procedure. What is the primary purpose of an EGD in this patient?
The primary purpose of an EGD (Esophagogastroduodenoscopy) is to examine the upper gastrointestinal tract, including the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum. It is helpful in diagnosing conditions such as gastritis, ulcers, and Barrett’s esophagus.
A 50-year-old patient is scheduled for an EGD due to a history of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). What specific condition can be assessed through an EGD in this patient?
Through an EGD, specific conditions like Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) can be assessed. It allows visualization of the esophagus and identifies signs of inflammation or damage caused by acid reflux.
A 55-year-old patient with difficulty swallowing solid foods is undergoing an EGD. What condition can EGD help diagnose as a potential cause of dysphagia?
An EGD can help diagnose conditions like esophageal stricture, which can be a potential cause of dysphagia (difficulty swallowing solid foods). It allows visualization and assessment of the esophagus.
A 60-year-old patient with a history of peptic ulcers is advised to undergo an EGD. What can EGD detect in this patient to assess the status of the ulcers?
EGD can detect the presence of peptic ulcers, assess their size, location, and severity, allowing for accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment planning in patients with a history of ulcers.
A 65-year-old patient with unexplained weight loss and abdominal pain is scheduled for an EGD. What condition can EGD help diagnose in this patient with these symptoms?
EGD can help diagnose gastrointestinal malignancies, which may be responsible for unexplained weight loss and abdominal pain in the patient. It allows for the visualization and assessment of the upper gastrointestinal tract.
A 55-year-old patient recently underwent an EGD and is now experiencing abdominal pain, bloating, and nausea. What could be a potential complication of the EGD procedure?
One potential complication of EGD is the perforation of the gastrointestinal tract, which can lead to symptoms like abdominal pain, bloating, and nausea. This is a serious complication that requires prompt medical attention.
A 60-year-old patient who recently had a colonoscopy is now experiencing rectal bleeding. What is a potential complication of the colonoscopy that could lead to this symptom?
Rectal bleeding following a colonoscopy can be a complication arising from the removal of polyps during the procedure. This bleeding should be evaluated promptly to determine its cause and severity.
A 50-year-old patient who had an EGD is now experiencing difficulty breathing and chest pain. What could be a potential complication related to the EGD procedure?
One potential complication of an EGD procedure is esophageal perforation, which can lead to symptoms like difficulty breathing and chest pain. This is a serious condition requiring immediate medical attention.
A 65-year-old patient who underwent a colonoscopy is now experiencing severe abdominal pain and fever. What could be a potential complication of the colonoscopy?
One potential complication of a colonoscopy is perforation of the colon, which can lead to severe abdominal pain and fever. This is a serious complication that requires immediate medical intervention.
A 70-year-old patient who had an EGD procedure is now experiencing persistent hiccups and chest discomfort. What could be a potential complication related to the EGD?
Persistent hiccups and chest discomfort following an EGD may be indicative of airway irritation due to intubation during the procedure. This discomfort should be evaluated and managed appropriately.
A 45-year-old patient with a history of recurrent abdominal pain and indigestion is scheduled for an upper GI series. What is the primary purpose of an upper GI series in this patient?
The primary purpose of an upper GI series is to visualize and assess the upper gastrointestinal tract, including the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum. It helps diagnose conditions like ulcers and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
A 50-year-old patient with unexplained changes in bowel habits and rectal bleeding is advised to undergo a lower GI series. What specific condition can be assessed through a lower GI series in this patient?
A lower GI series is used to assess the presence of colorectal abnormalities and polyps. It is particularly valuable in patients with rectal bleeding and changes in bowel habits as it helps in the detection of potential colorectal cancer.
A 55-year-old patient with a recent upper GI series is experiencing nausea and vomiting after the procedure. What could be a potential complication related to the upper GI series?
One potential complication of an upper GI series is the aspiration of contrast material, which can lead to symptoms like nausea and vomiting. Aspiration can occur if the patient swallows the contrast during the procedure, and it should be managed promptly.
A 60-year-old patient who recently had a lower GI series is now experiencing abdominal cramps and diarrhea. What could be a potential complication related to the lower GI series?
Abdominal cramps and diarrhea following a lower GI series may be attributed to gastrointestinal irritation caused by the contrast material used in the procedure. This irritation is typically temporary and self-limiting.
A 65-year-old patient who had both upper and lower GI series is now experiencing mild abdominal discomfort. What is a common post-procedure symptom experienced by patients who have undergone both upper and lower GI series?
Mild abdominal discomfort is a common post-procedure symptom experienced by patients who have undergone both upper and lower GI series. This discomfort is usually temporary and subsides on its own.
Medical-Surgical Nursing Questions on Enteral Feeding Tubes
A 50-year-old patient admitted to the hospital with severe dysphagia due to a stroke requires enteral nutrition. Which type of enteral feeding tube would be most appropriate for this patient?
For a patient with severe dysphagia, such as due to a stroke, a gastrostomy tube is the most appropriate choice for enteral nutrition. It provides a direct route to the stomach for feeding.
A 65-year-old patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) requires long-term enteral nutrition. Which type of enteral feeding tube is suitable for this patient?
For long-term enteral nutrition in a patient with COPD, a gastrostomy tube is suitable. It allows for more comfortable and sustainable feeding compared to nasogastric or nasoenteric tubes.
A 55-year-old patient with pancreatitis requires enteral nutrition. Which enteral feeding tube placement is preferred to reduce the risk of pancreatic enzyme stimulation?
To reduce the risk of pancreatic enzyme stimulation in a patient with pancreatitis, a jejunostomy tube is preferred. It bypasses the stomach and delivers nutrition directly to the jejunum.
A 60-year-old patient with severe gastroparesis requires enteral nutrition. Which enteral feeding tube placement is most appropriate for this patient?
For a patient with severe gastroparesis, a jejunostomy tube is the most appropriate choice as it bypasses the stomach and ensures efficient delivery of enteral nutrition to the small intestine.
A 70-year-old patient with esophageal cancer is scheduled for enteral nutrition. Which type of enteral feeding tube may be used as a temporary measure in this patient?
As a temporary measure for enteral nutrition in a patient with esophageal cancer, a nasogastric tube may be used. It provides a relatively less invasive route for feeding during the course of treatment.
A 60-year-old patient with cirrhosis presents with tense ascites. What is the primary purpose of performing a paracentesis in this patient?
The primary purpose of performing a paracentesis in a patient with cirrhosis and tense ascites is to relieve abdominal discomfort by draining excess fluid from the abdominal cavity.
A 55-year-old patient with ovarian cancer is experiencing symptoms of abdominal distension and shortness of breath. Which complication of ascites can be assessed through paracentesis in this patient?
Paracentesis in a patient with ovarian cancer experiencing abdominal distension and shortness of breath can help assess for complications like spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) by analyzing ascitic fluid.
A 65-year-old patient with liver disease is scheduled for a paracentesis to manage ascites. What is the most appropriate site for performing a paracentesis?
The most appropriate site for performing a paracentesis in a patient with liver disease and ascites is the right lower quadrant of the abdomen, typically at the level of the umbilicus.
A 70-year-old patient with heart failure presents with abdominal distension. Which type of fluid is typically removed during a paracentesis in patients with ascites due to heart failure?
During a paracentesis in patients with ascites due to heart failure, the goal is to remove ascitic fluid, which is the fluid that accumulates in the abdominal cavity.
A 75-year-old patient with cirrhosis requires a paracentesis for diagnostic purposes. Which laboratory parameter is commonly analyzed in the ascitic fluid obtained from a paracentesis?
One of the commonly analyzed laboratory parameters in the ascitic fluid obtained from a paracentesis in patients with cirrhosis is albumin levels. This helps in assessing the severity of the condition and the risk of complications.
