Qbankproacademy.com QUESTION: A 12-month-old infant presents with cough, wheezing, and fever. The infant appears irritable and has increased work of breathing with nasal flaring. The parents mention recent contact with a family member diagnosed with RSV. What laboratory test is the gold standard for confirming RSV infection in this case?
A) Blood culture
B) Throat culture
C) Nasopharyngeal swab for RSV antigen detection
D) Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for RSV
E) Chest X-ray
Explanation: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay is considered the gold standard for diagnosing RSV due to its high sensitivity and specificity in detecting viral nucleic acid.
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Qbankproacademy.com QUESTION: A 4-month-old infant presents with nasal congestion, cough, and fever. On examination, the infant has mild respiratory distress with tachypnea. The parents mention several children in their neighborhood being diagnosed with RSV. What test might show characteristic findings if RSV is the causative agent?
A) Urinalysis
B) Throat culture
C) Chest X-ray
D) Blood culture
E) Stool culture
Explanation: In cases of RSV infection, a chest X-ray may reveal hyperinflation, peribronchial cuffing, and patchy atelectasis or consolidation, supporting the diagnosis.
NCLEX Practice Questions: Understanding RSV Causes and Symptoms
Qbankproacademy.com QUESTION: A 6-month-old infant presents with cough, fever, and poor feeding. The parents report recent visits to crowded places such as shopping malls. What diagnostic test should be prioritized to confirm RSV infection in this infant?
A) Blood culture
B) Throat culture
C) Nasopharyngeal swab for RSV antigen detection
D) Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for RSV
E) Urinalysis
Explanation: Nasopharyngeal swabs for RSV antigen detection via rapid molecular assays or immunofluorescence are the primary diagnostic tests to confirm RSV in infants with respiratory symptoms.
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Understanding Respiratory Syncytial Virus: Causes and Symptoms
Qbankproacademy.com QUESTION: A 9-month-old infant presents with cough, nasal congestion, and irritability. The infant was born prematurely and has a history of chronic lung disease. What diagnostic test is particularly useful for confirming RSV infection in this high-risk infant?
A) Chest X-ray
B) Blood culture
C) Throat culture
D) Nasopharyngeal swab for RSV antigen detection
E) Urinalysis
Explanation: Nasopharyngeal swabs for RSV antigen detection are particularly useful in high-risk infants like those born prematurely or with chronic lung disease to confirm RSV infection.
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Qbankproacademy.com QUESTION: A 10-month-old infant presents with cough, fever, and difficulty breathing. The infant has a history of congenital heart disease. What additional test might be ordered to evaluate the severity of RSV infection in this patient?
A) Throat culture
B) Chest X-ray
C) Blood culture
D) Echocardiogram
E) Urinalysis
Explanation: In infants with congenital heart disease and RSV infection, an echocardiogram might be ordered to assess the impact of the infection on cardiac function.
Qbankproacademy.com QUESTION: A 9-month-old infant presents with a two-day history of cough, wheezing, and nasal congestion. The parents report the child having difficulty breathing and decreased feeding. On examination, the infant appears irritable, with increased work of breathing, wheezing, and nasal flaring. What initial diagnostic test is most appropriate for confirming a suspected diagnosis of RSV in this infant?
A) Throat culture
B) Chest X-ray
C) Nasopharyngeal swab for RSV antigen detection
D) Complete blood count (CBC) with differential
E) Urinalysis
Explanation: Nasopharyngeal swab for RSV antigen detection via rapid molecular assays or immunofluorescence is the most appropriate initial test to confirm RSV in infants presenting with respiratory symptoms.
Understanding RSV: NCLEX Priority Questions
Qbankproacademy.com QUESTION: A 5-month-old infant presents with cough, fever, and poor feeding. Physical examination reveals mild respiratory distress with crackles on auscultation. The parents mention that an older sibling had been diagnosed with RSV. What additional diagnostic test would be helpful in confirming RSV infection in this infant?
A) Blood culture
B) Chest X-ray
C) Stool culture
D) Rapid strep test
E) Throat swab for viral culture
Explanation: In suspected cases of RSV with respiratory symptoms, a chest X-ray may reveal hyperinflation, peribronchial cuffing, and patchy atelectasis or consolidation, supporting the diagnosis.
NCLEX Questions: Focus on Medications for Respiratory Syncytial Virus
Qbankproacademy.com QUESTION: A 3-month-old infant presents with fever, nasal congestion, and irritability. On examination, the infant has mild retractions but no wheezing. Which laboratory test is most specific for confirming RSV infection in this infant?
A) C-reactive protein (CRP)
B) Complete blood count (CBC) with differential
C) Serum electrolytes
D) Nasopharyngeal swab for RSV antigen detection
E) Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine
Explanation: Among the listed options, a nasopharyngeal swab for RSV antigen detection is the most specific laboratory test for confirming RSV infection in infants with respiratory symptoms.
NCLEX Focus Exploring RSV: Causes and Diagnosis
Qbankproacademy.com QUESTION: A 6-month-old infant presents with fever, cough, and increased work of breathing. The parents mention the child attends daycare where several children have been diagnosed with RSV. What other diagnostic test might aid in confirming RSV in this case?
A) Throat culture
B) Blood culture
C) Sputum culture
D) Rapid strep test
E) Stool culture
Explanation: Throat culture might aid in confirming RSV infection, although it’s less sensitive and specific than nasopharyngeal swabs or rapid antigen tests.
Qbankproacademy.com QUESTION: A 10-month-old infant presents with cough, wheezing, and nasal congestion. The parents mention the child had a recent upper respiratory tract infection. Which test is not typically recommended for diagnosing RSV in this case?
A) Nasopharyngeal swab for RSV antigen detection
B) Chest X-ray
C) Throat culture
D) Complete blood count (CBC) with differential
E) Urinalysis
Explanation: Urinalysis is not typically indicated or recommended for diagnosing RSV; the diagnosis is primarily confirmed through nasopharyngeal swabs, chest X-rays, and, in some cases, throat cultures.
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Qbankproacademy.com QUESTION: He reports having no significant medical history. On examination, he has bilateral crackles on auscultation. Chest X-ray shows bilateral interstitial infiltrates. Nasopharyngeal swab testing confirms Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV). What is the most appropriate initial management for this patient?
A) Oral amantadine
B) Oral oseltamivir
C) Supportive care with hydration and oxygen
D) Intravenous ribavirin
E) Nebulized bronchodilators
Explanation: In adults with RSV infection presenting with respiratory symptoms, the primary management involves supportive care, including hydration, oxygen therapy, and symptom relief.
NCLEX Questions Critical Thinking: RSV Symptoms
Qbankproacademy.com QUESTION: A 60-year-old female with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) presents with worsening cough, increased sputum production, and low-grade fever. Examination reveals coarse crackles bilaterally. RSV testing is positive. What additional intervention is crucial for managing this patient’s RSV infection?
A) Intravenous ribavirin
B) Nebulized racemic epinephrine
C) Oral corticosteroids
D) Nebulized bronchodilators and supportive care
E) Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG)
Explanation: In patients with underlying lung disease like COPD and RSV infection, the primary management includes nebulized bronchodilators and supportive care to alleviate respiratory symptoms.
Qbankproacademy.com QUESTION: A 55-year-old male with a history of heart failure presents with shortness of breath, fever, and malaise. Examination reveals rales and increased work of breathing. Chest X-ray shows pulmonary edema. RSV testing is positive. What treatment modification is essential in this patient with heart failure exacerbation due to RSV infection?
A) Intravenous ribavirin
B) Nebulized racemic epinephrine
C) Decrease in heart failure medications
D) Nebulized bronchodilators and supportive care
E) Initiation of high-dose systemic corticosteroids
Explanation: In heart failure patients with RSV exacerbation leading to pulmonary edema, it’s crucial to reduce heart failure medications, especially beta-blockers and ACE inhibitors, to prevent worsening of symptoms.
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NCLEX Review: RSV Treatments
Qbankproacademy.com QUESTION: A 70-year-old immunocompromised patient presents with fever, cough, and profound weakness. Examination reveals decreased breath sounds on the right side. Chest X-ray shows consolidation in the right lower lobe. RSV testing is positive. What intervention should be considered in this immunocompromised adult with RSV pneumonia?
A) Oral oseltamivir
B) Intravenous ribavirin
C) Nebulized racemic epinephrine
D) Nebulized bronchodilators and supportive care
E) Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG)
Explanation: In immunocompromised patients with severe RSV pneumonia, especially in those who are severely ill, intravenous ribavirin may be considered, although its use is debated and not universally recommended due to potential side effects.
Qbankproacademy.com QUESTION: A 6-month-old infant is brought to the emergency department due to cough, fever, and difficulty breathing. The child was born prematurely at 32 weeks and has a history of chronic lung disease. On examination, the infant appears ill, with increased respiratory rate, intercostal retractions, and wheezing. Chest X-ray shows hyperinflation with peribronchial cuffing. Nasopharyngeal swab testing is positive for RSV. What is the primary management for this patient?
A) Oral oseltamivir
B) Intravenous ribavirin
C) Nebulized bronchodilators and supportive care
D) Intravenous acyclovir
E) High-dose systemic corticosteroids
Explanation: In infants with RSV bronchiolitis and respiratory distress, the primary management involves supportive care, including nebulized bronchodilators, oxygen therapy, and hydration.
Qbankproacademy.com QUESTION: A 2-year-old child presents with rhinorrhea, cough, and low-grade fever. On examination, there is mild wheezing but no signs of respiratory distress. RSV testing is positive. What intervention is indicated for managing this child’s RSV infection?
A) Oral amantadine
B) Intravenous ribavirin
C) Nebulized racemic epinephrine
D) Supportive care with rest and hydration
E) Oral corticosteroids
Explanation: In mild cases of RSV infection without respiratory distress, supportive care, including rest, hydration, and fever management, is the mainstay of treatment.
Qbankproacademy.com QUESTION: A 4-month-old infant born prematurely is diagnosed with RSV bronchiolitis. The child is tachypneic with severe retractions and hypoxemia. What intervention is indicated for severe RSV bronchiolitis in this patient?
A) Oral ribavirin
B) Nebulized bronchodilators and oxygen therapy
C) Intravenous acyclovir
D) Oral corticosteroids
E) Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG)
Explanation: In severe cases of RSV bronchiolitis associated with respiratory distress and hypoxemia, the primary intervention includes nebulized bronchodilators and oxygen therapy to maintain adequate oxygenation.
Qbankproacademy.com QUESTION: A 3-week-old full-term infant presents with irritability, poor feeding, and apnea. Nasopharyngeal swab confirms RSV infection. What intervention is considered for preventing severe RSV infection in high-risk infants?
A) Palivizumab prophylaxis
B) Intravenous ribavirin
C) Oral oseltamivir
D) Nebulized racemic epinephrine
E) Intravenous acyclovir
Explanation: Palivizumab, a monoclonal antibody, is recommended for high-risk infants to prevent severe RSV infections during the RSV season.
Qbankproacademy.com QUESTION: A 6-month-old infant with RSV bronchiolitis develops respiratory failure and is admitted to the ICU. What pharmacological intervention may be considered in severe cases to reduce airway inflammation?
A) Nebulized racemic epinephrine
B) Intravenous corticosteroids
C) Oral antiviral agents
D) Nebulized antibiotics
E) Intravenous ribavirin
Explanation: In severe cases of RSV bronchiolitis, systemic corticosteroids may be considered to reduce airway inflammation, although their routine use in RSV is debated and not universally recommended.
Qbankproacademy.com QUESTION: A 6-month-old infant presents with cough, nasal congestion, and difficulty breathing. Physical examination shows mild retractions and wheezing. Nasopharyngeal swab testing confirms the presence of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV). What is the initial management for this patient?
A) Intravenous antibiotics
B) Oral oseltamivir
C) Supportive care with hydration and oxygen
D) Nebulized bronchodilators
E) High-dose corticosteroids
Explanation: In RSV-infected infants with mild to moderate symptoms, supportive care including hydration and oxygen to maintain adequate oxygenation is the primary management.
Qbankproacademy.com QUESTION: A 2-year-old child presents with cough, fever, and respiratory distress. Rapid antigen testing confirms Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) infection. What pharmacological intervention is commonly used for severe cases of RSV in hospitalized children?
A) Oral corticosteroids
B) Intravenous acyclovir
C) Nebulized racemic epinephrine
D) Intravenous ribavirin
E) Oral amantadine
Explanation: Intravenous ribavirin is reserved for severe cases of RSV infection in hospitalized children, particularly those with compromised immune systems.
Qbankproacademy.com QUESTION: A 3-month-old infant born prematurely presents with apnea, cyanosis, and poor feeding. RSV testing is positive. What intervention is essential for preventing severe RSV infections in high-risk infants? A) Early initiation of broad-spectrum antibiotics
B) Administration of live attenuated RSV vaccine
C) Palivizumab prophylaxis
D) Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy
E) Oral antiviral agents
Explanation: Palivizumab, a monoclonal antibody, is recommended for high-risk infants to prevent severe RSV infections during the RSV season.
Qbankproacademy.com QUESTION: A 5-year-old child with a history of asthma develops RSV infection. What is the mainstay of treatment for managing RSV in children with underlying lung disease like asthma?
A) Nebulized bronchodilators B) High-dose systemic corticosteroids
C) Intravenous antiviral therapy
D) Nebulized antibiotics
E) Oral antifungal agents
Explanation: Management of RSV in children with underlying lung disease involves using bronchodilators to alleviate respiratory symptoms.
Qbankproacademy.com QUESTION: A 7-month-old infant presents with RSV bronchiolitis and signs of worsening respiratory distress. What intervention is specifically beneficial for reducing airway inflammation in severe RSV infections?
A) Oral antiviral agents
B) Systemic corticosteroids
C) Nebulized racemic epinephrine
D) Intravenous antibiotics
E) Oxygen therapy
Explanation: Systemic corticosteroids may be considered in severe RSV infections to reduce airway inflammation, although their use remains controversial and isn’t routinely recommended.
Qbankproacademy.com QUESTION: A 6-month-old infant is brought to the emergency room with sudden onset cough, fever, and difficulty breathing. On examination, the infant appears lethargic with grunting, nasal flaring, and intercostal retractions. Pulse oximetry shows an oxygen saturation of 85%. What diagnostic test is most urgent in assessing this infant’s respiratory distress?
A) Arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis
B) Chest X-ray
C) Complete blood count (CBC) with differential
D) Throat culture
E) Peak expiratory flow rate measurement
Explanation: In an infant with severe respiratory distress, ABG analysis is crucial for immediate assessment of oxygenation status and acid-base balance, aiding in determining appropriate interventions.
Qbankproacademy.com QUESTION: A 14-year-old adolescent presents with sudden onset shortness of breath, chest pain, and rapid breathing. On examination, the adolescent appears anxious with diminished breath sounds on the left side. Pulse oximetry shows an oxygen saturation of 90%. What initial diagnostic test is most essential for evaluating this adolescent’s respiratory distress?
A) Chest X-ray
B) ECG
C) Complete blood count (CBC) with differential
D) Arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis
E) Sputum culture
Explanation: A chest X-ray is the initial diagnostic test to assess lung pathology and aid in identifying conditions such as pleural effusion or pneumothorax contributing to the adolescent’s respiratory distress.
Qbankproacademy.com QUESTION: A 10-month-old infant presents with cough, fever, and difficulty breathing. On examination, the infant appears lethargic with audible wheezing and nasal flaring. The respiratory rate is elevated. Which diagnostic test would be most useful in confirming a suspected diagnosis in this infant?
A) ECG
B) Throat culture
C) Complete blood count (CBC) with differential
D) Chest X-ray
E) Peak expiratory flow rate measurement
Explanation: A chest X-ray provides critical information regarding lung involvement and possible causes of respiratory distress in infants, aiding in the diagnosis of conditions like pneumonia or bronchiolitis.
Qbankproacademy.com QUESTION: A 17-year-old adolescent with a history of asthma presents with acute onset wheezing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath. On examination, the adolescent appears anxious with audible wheezing and tachypnea. What test is crucial for assessing the severity of this adolescent’s asthma exacerbation?
A) Arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis
B) Peak expiratory flow rate measurement
C) ECG
D) Chest X-ray
E) Sputum culture
Explanation: Peak expiratory flow rate measurement is crucial for objectively assessing airflow limitation in asthma exacerbations and guiding treatment decisions.
Qbankproacademy.com QUESTION: A 9-month-old infant presents with cough, fever, and increased respiratory effort. On examination, the infant appears lethargic with nasal flaring and audible crackles on lung auscultation. What test is most crucial for evaluating this infant’s respiratory distress?
A) Sputum culture
B) Chest X-ray
C) Complete blood count (CBC) with differential
D) Throat culture
E) Peak expiratory flow rate measurement
Explanation: A chest X-ray is pivotal in assessing lung pathology like pneumonia or bronchiolitis, aiding in guiding appropriate management in infants with respiratory distress.
Qbankproacademy.com QUESTION: An 8-month-old infant is brought to the clinic with sudden onset cough, fever, and difficulty breathing. The parents note the child’s skin has taken on a bluish tinge. On examination, the infant appears lethargic with increased respiratory rate, use of accessory muscles, and audible wheezing. Pulse oximetry shows an oxygen saturation of 88%. What diagnostic test is most crucial for immediate assessment and diagnosis in this infant?
A) Chest X-ray
B) Complete blood count (CBC) with differential
C) Electrocardiogram (ECG)
D) Arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis
E) Throat culture
Explanation: In an infant with severe respiratory distress, ABG analysis provides immediate information on oxygenation, acid-base balance, and the need for respiratory support.
Qbankproacademy.com QUESTION: A 15-year-old adolescent presents with acute onset shortness of breath, chest pain, and a productive cough with purulent sputum. On examination, the adolescent appears distressed, with diminished breath sounds on the right side. Pulse oximetry shows an oxygen saturation of 92%. What initial diagnostic test is most appropriate for assessing this adolescent’s respiratory distress?
A) Chest X-ray
B) ECG
C) Complete blood count (CBC) with differential
D) Arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis
E) Sputum culture
Explanation: A chest X-ray is an initial diagnostic test to assess lung pathology, such as pneumonia or pneumothorax, contributing to the adolescent’s respiratory distress.
Qbankproacademy.com QUESTION: A 9-month-old infant presents with sudden onset wheezing, cough, and nasal flaring. On examination, the infant appears anxious with audible wheezing and intercostal retractions. The respiratory rate is elevated. Which diagnostic test would be most helpful in confirming a suspected diagnosis in this infant?
A) ECG
B) Throat culture
C) Complete blood count (CBC) with differential
D) Chest X-ray
E) Peak expiratory flow rate measurement
Explanation: A chest X-ray aids in evaluating the extent of lung involvement and possible causes of respiratory distress, such as pneumonia or bronchiolitis.
Qbankproacademy.com QUESTION: A 16-year-old adolescent with a history of asthma presents with acute onset wheezing, chest tightness, and difficulty speaking in full sentences due to shortness of breath. On examination, the adolescent appears anxious with audible wheezing and tachypnea. What test is crucial for assessing the severity of this adolescent’s asthma exacerbation?
A) Arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis
B) Peak expiratory flow rate measurement
C) ECG
D) Chest X-ray
E) Sputum culture
Explanation: Peak expiratory flow rate measurement provides an objective assessment of airflow limitation in asthma exacerbations and guides treatment decisions.
Qbankproacademy.com QUESTION: A 10-month-old infant presents with cough, fever, and increased work of breathing. On examination, the infant appears lethargic with nasal flaring and audible crackles on lung auscultation. What test is most crucial for evaluating this infant’s respiratory distress?
A) Sputum culture
B) Chest X-ray
C) Complete blood count (CBC) with differential
D) Throat culture
E) Peak expiratory flow rate measurement
Explanation: In an infant with respiratory distress, a chest X-ray aids in diagnosing conditions like pneumonia or bronchiolitis, guiding appropriate management.
Qbankproacademy.com QUESTION: An 8-month-old infant presents with a three-day history of cough, wheezing, and nasal congestion. The parents note the child having difficulty feeding and increased work of breathing. On examination, the infant appears irritable, with bilateral wheezing and nasal flaring. What diagnostic test is typically used as the primary tool for diagnosing bronchiolitis in infants?
A) Chest X-ray
B) Nasopharyngeal swab for viral antigen testing
C) Complete blood count (CBC) with differential
D) Serum electrolytes
E) Urinalysis
Explanation: Nasopharyngeal swab testing for viral antigens, particularly respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), is commonly employed to diagnose bronchiolitis in infants presenting with respiratory symptoms.
Qbankproacademy.com QUESTION: A 6-month-old infant presents with cough, fever, and increased respiratory rate. The parents note decreased feeding and nasal flaring in the past day. On examination, the infant appears lethargic, with diffuse wheezing and bilateral crackles. What imaging study might be ordered to aid in diagnosing bronchiolitis in this infant?
A) MRI of the chest
B) Chest X-ray
C) CT scan of the thorax
D) Ultrasound of the lungs
E) PET scan of the chest
Explanation: A chest X-ray might reveal hyperinflation, peribronchial cuffing, and patchy atelectasis or consolidation, supporting the diagnosis of bronchiolitis.
Qbankproacademy.com QUESTION: A 9-month-old infant presents with cough, fever, and nasal congestion. On examination, the infant has mild retractions and nasal flaring but no wheezing. What diagnostic test is most useful in confirming a suspected diagnosis of bronchiolitis in this case?
A) Blood culture
B) Chest X-ray
C) Throat culture
D) Nasopharyngeal swab for viral antigen testing
E) Stool culture
Explanation: Nasopharyngeal swab testing for viral antigens, particularly RSV, is the most useful test to confirm bronchiolitis, even in cases without overt wheezing.
Qbankproacademy.com QUESTION: A 5-month-old infant presents with cough, fever, and poor feeding. The parents mention a recent visit to a family gathering where several children had respiratory infections. What test is essential for diagnosing bronchiolitis in this infant?
A) Blood culture
B) Sputum culture
C) Nasopharyngeal swab for viral antigen testing
D) Throat culture
E) Stool culture
Explanation: Nasopharyngeal swab testing for viral antigens, especially RSV, is crucial for diagnosing bronchiolitis in infants with respiratory symptoms, particularly after possible exposure to infected individuals.
Qbankproacademy.com QUESTION: A 7-month-old infant presents with cough, wheezing, and nasal congestion. The parents report the child having a fever and increased irritability. What diagnostic test might provide useful information to guide treatment in this infant with suspected bronchiolitis?
A) Serum electrolytes
B) Complete blood count (CBC) with differential
C) Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
D) Throat culture
E) C-reactive protein (CRP)
Explanation: A CBC with differential might show an elevated white blood cell count, particularly neutrophils, in bronchiolitis cases due to the presence of a viral infection.
