A 16-year-old male presents to the emergency room with polyuria, polydipsia, and weight loss over the past few weeks. His blood glucose level is 320 mg/dL, and a urine test shows ketones. Which diagnostic test is most likely to confirm the diagnosis of type 1 diabetes?
A. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c)
B. C-peptide assay
C. Fasting blood glucose
D. Insulin antibody test
Explanation: A C-peptide assay measures the level of C-peptide in the blood, which is a byproduct of insulin production. In type 1 diabetes, the pancreas produces little to no insulin, so a low C-peptide level is indicative of this condition. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) reflects long-term glucose control, fasting blood glucose measures the current blood glucose level, and an insulin antibody test detects autoantibodies against insulin but is not used for initial diagnosis. Correct Answer: B. C-peptide assay
POP QUIZ NCLEX Question
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A 12-year-old girl with type 1 diabetes has been experiencing episodes of hypoglycemia. During a severe hypoglycemic episode, she becomes unconscious. Which medication is indicated for the treatment of severe hypoglycemia in this patient?
A. Metformin
B. Glipizide
C. Glucagon
D. Sitagliptin
Explanation: Glucagon is used to treat severe hypoglycemia by increasing blood glucose levels. Metformin, glipizide, and sitagliptin are medications used to manage high blood glucose levels, not hypoglycemia. Correct Answer: C. Glucagon
A 20-year-old female with type 1 diabetes presents with blurred vision and complains of difficulty focusing on distant objects. Her blood glucose levels have been well-controlled for the past year. What is the most likely cause of her vision problems?
A. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
B. Hypoglycemia
C. Diabetic retinopathy
D. Refractive error
Explanation: Blurred vision in a patient with well-controlled blood glucose levels is more likely due to a refractive error (nearsightedness, farsightedness) than diabetes-related complications like diabetic retinopathy (A), which typically occur with long-term uncontrolled diabetes. Hypoglycemia (B) can cause temporary vision changes, but they resolve when blood glucose levels normalize. Answer: D. Refractive error
A 25-year-old male with type 1 diabetes is admitted to the hospital with symptoms of hyperglycemia. Lab results show elevated blood glucose and ketones. He is tachypneic and complains of abdominal pain. Which condition should be suspected and managed urgently?
A. Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS)
B. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
C. Hypoglycemia
D. Metabolic acidosis
Explanation: The symptoms and lab results described are consistent with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), a serious complication of uncontrolled type 1 diabetes. DKA requires immediate medical attention and treatment with insulin and fluids. Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) (A) is another hyperglycemic emergency but is more common in type 2 diabetes. Hypoglycemia (C) is low blood sugar, and metabolic acidosis (D) may be present in DKA but is not the primary diagnosis. Correct Answer: B. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
A 30-year-old woman with type 1 diabetes is planning to become pregnant. What is the most important preconception counseling advice to provide to her?
A. Begin taking oral contraceptives to avoid pregnancy.
B. Stop all diabetes medications before attempting to conceive.
C. Achieve tight blood glucose control before becoming pregnant.
D. Wait until after pregnancy to start insulin therapy.
Explanation: Preconception counseling for women with diabetes should emphasize achieving tight blood glucose control to reduce the risk of complications during pregnancy. It is not advisable to start oral contraceptives (A) or stop all diabetes medications (B) without proper guidance. Starting insulin therapy after pregnancy (D) may not be the best approach for managing diabetes during pregnancy. Correct Answer: C. Achieve tight blood glucose control before becoming pregnant.
A. Inject insulin into the same site each time.
B. Rotate injection sites within the same body area.
C. Avoid injecting insulin into the thighs.
D. Use a single site for all injections to reduce discomfort.
Explanation: Rotating injection sites within the same body area helps prevent the development of lipohypertrophy, which is the accumulation of fatty tissue at the injection site. Injecting insulin into the same site each time (A) increases the risk of this condition. Avoiding the thighs (C) is not necessary if proper rotation is done, and using a single site for all injections (D) can lead to uneven insulin absorption and discomfort. Correct Answer: B. Rotate injection sites within the same body area.
A 22-year-old male with type 1 diabetes presents with recurrent episodes of hypoglycemia. He is adherent to his insulin regimen, diet, and exercise. What other factor may contribute to his hypoglycemic episodes?
A. Poor insulin quality
B. Reduced insulin dosage
C. Excessive alcohol consumption
D. Increased physical activity
Explanation: Excessive alcohol consumption can lead to hypoglycemia in people with diabetes. It can inhibit the liver from releasing glucose into the bloodstream. Poor insulin quality (A) or reduced insulin dosage (B) would typically lead to hyperglycemia, not hypoglycemia. Increased physical activity (D) can lower blood glucose levels, but this is usually manageable with insulin dose adjustments. Correct Answer: C. Excessive alcohol consumption
A 16-year-old female with type 1 diabetes is about to participate in a school sports event. What should the school nurse advise the student to do to prevent exercise-induced hypoglycemia?
A. Skip her insulin dose before the event. B. Consume a high-carbohydrate snack before exercising. C. Monitor her blood glucose levels only after exercise. D. Reduce her basal insulin dose on the day of the event.
Explanation: Consuming a high-carbohydrate snack before exercising can help prevent exercise-induced hypoglycemia in individuals with diabetes. Skipping insulin (A) is not recommended, as it can lead to hyperglycemia. Monitoring blood glucose levels (C) both before and after exercise is essential, and reducing basal insulin (D) should be done under the guidance of a healthcare provider when necessary. Correct Answer: B. Consume a high-carbohydrate snack before exercising.
A 10-year-old child with type 1 diabetes has been using an insulin pump for several months. The child’s parent calls the healthcare provider to report frequent hyperglycemia despite following the recommended insulin dosing. What could be the potential cause of this issue?
A. Insulin pump malfunction
B. Incorrect insulin-to-carbohydrate ratio
C. High insulin sensitivity
D. Overuse of insulin injections
Explanation: If a patient on an insulin pump experiences frequent hyperglycemia despite following the recommended insulin dosing and having a history of good control, it is important to consider the possibility of insulin pump malfunction (A). The pump may not be delivering insulin accurately. Incorrect insulin-to-carbohydrate ratio (B) or high insulin sensitivity (C) might contribute to the issue but should be adjusted through pump settings. Overuse of insulin injections (D) is not typically a solution for insulin pump-related problems. Answer: A. Insulin pump malfunction
A 26-year-old woman with type 1 diabetes is planning a long-distance flight. What advice should she follow to manage her diabetes during the flight?
A. Skip her insulin dose during the flight.
B. Carry her insulin in her checked luggage.
C. Adjust her insulin regimen according to the time zone of her destination.
D. Avoid monitoring her blood glucose levels during the flight.
Explanation: When traveling across time zones, it’s important for individuals with diabetes to adjust their insulin regimen to match the new time zone to maintain proper blood glucose control. Skipping insulin (A) or storing insulin in checked luggage (B) is not advisable, as it can lead to uncontrolled blood sugar levels. Monitoring blood glucose levels (D) during the flight is essential to make timely adjustments to insulin doses. Answer: C. Adjust her insulin regimen according to the time zone of her destination.
A 32-year-old woman with type 1 diabetes is admitted to the hospital for elective surgery. The healthcare provider has ordered a subcutaneous insulin regimen during her hospital stay. Which type of insulin is typically used for basal coverage in such cases? A. Regular insulin B. Lispro insulin C. NPH insulin D. Glargine insulin
Answer: D. Glargine insulin
Explanation: Glargine insulin, a long-acting insulin analog, is typically used for basal coverage in patients with type 1 diabetes during hospitalization or in outpatient settings. It provides a consistent, background level of insulin throughout the day. Regular insulin (A) and Lispro insulin (B) are short-acting insulins used for mealtime coverage. NPH insulin (C) is an intermediate-acting insulin
A 40-year-old man with type 1 diabetes has experienced recurrent episodes of hypoglycemia, especially during the night. Which of the following strategies can help prevent nocturnal hypoglycemia in this patient?
A. Increase the long-acting insulin dose in the evening. B. Consume a high-protein snack before bedtime. C. Lower the overall daily insulin dosage. D. Adjust the timing of the evening insulin injection.
Answer: A. Increase the long-acting insulin dose in the evening.
Explanation: To prevent nocturnal hypoglycemia, it is often recommended to increase the long-acting (basal) insulin dose in the evening to provide more stable coverage overnight. Consuming a high-protein snack (B) may not provide the necessary carbohydrate to prevent hypoglycemia. Lowering the overall daily insulin dosage (C) is generally not advisable without proper guidance. Adjusting the timing of the evening insulin injection (D) can help, but it should be done under the supervision of a healthcare provider.
A 40-year-old man with type 1 diabetes has experienced recurrent episodes of hypoglycemia, especially during the night. Which of the following strategies can help prevent nocturnal hypoglycemia in this patient?
A. Increase the long-acting insulin dose in the evening. B. Consume a high-protein snack before bedtime. C. Lower the overall daily insulin dosage. D. Adjust the timing of the evening insulin injection.
Answer: A. Increase the long-acting insulin dose in the evening.
Explanation: To prevent nocturnal hypoglycemia, it is often recommended to increase the long-acting (basal) insulin dose in the evening to provide more stable coverage overnight. Consuming a high-protein snack (B) may not provide the necessary carbohydrate to prevent hypoglycemia. Lowering the overall daily insulin dosage (C) is generally not advisable without proper guidance. Adjusting the timing of the evening insulin injection (D) can help, but it should be done under the supervision of a healthcare provide.
A 16-year-old with type 1 diabetes is experiencing signs of hypoglycemia during a school exam, including trembling hands and sweating. What is the nurse’s initial intervention?
A. Offer a carbohydrate-rich snack. B. Administer glucagon injection. C. Provide an insulin injection. D. Encourage the student to skip the exam.
Answer: A. Offer a carbohydrate-rich snack.
Explanation: The initial intervention for hypoglycemia is to offer a carbohydrate-rich snack to rapidly raise blood glucose levels. Administering glucagon (B) would be necessary if the hypoglycemia is severe and the student loses consciousness. Providing an insulin injection (C) is not appropriate during hypoglycemia. Encouraging the student to skip the exam (D) is not the solution.
A 24-year-old woman with type 1 diabetes is considering an insulin pump for better blood glucose control. What potential advantage of an insulin pump should the healthcare provider discuss with the patient? A. Lower cost B. Simplicity of use C. Greater flexibility in insulin dosing D. Reduced need for blood glucose monitoring
Answer: C. Greater flexibility in insulin dosing
Explanation: Insulin pumps provide greater flexibility in insulin dosing, allowing for customizable and precise insulin delivery. They may not be lower in cost (A), but they offer advantages in control. While they require training, they are not overly complex (B). An insulin pump does not eliminate the need for blood glucose monitoring (D).
A 35-year-old woman with type 1 diabetes has been experiencing recurring episodes of hyperglycemia and is concerned about her overall blood glucose control. What action should the healthcare provider recommend? A. Increase the long-acting insulin dose. B. Administer extra bolus insulin before meals. C. Monitor blood glucose levels frequently. D. Skip meals to reduce carbohydrate intake.
Answer: C. Monitor blood glucose levels frequently.
Explanation: Monitoring blood glucose levels frequently is crucial to understanding patterns of hyperglycemia and making appropriate adjustments to insulin dosing. Increasing the long-acting insulin dose (A) may lead to hypoglycemia. Administering extra bolus insulin (B) without monitoring can also be risky. Skipping meals (D) is not recommended.
A 45-year-old man with type 1 diabetes is experiencing symptoms of hyperglycemia, including excessive thirst and frequent urination. What action should the nurse recommend to help lower his blood glucose levels? A. Reduce the insulin dose. B. Increase carbohydrate intake. C. Increase fluid intake. D. Administer a correction dose of insulin.
Answer: D. Administer a correction dose of insulin.
Explanation: To lower blood glucose levels in a person experiencing hyperglycemia, it is important to administer a correction dose of insulin to bring levels back to the target range. Reducing the insulin dose (A) is not advisable. Increasing carbohydrate intake (B) would worsen hyperglycemia, and increasing fluid intake (C) alone will not effectively lower blood glucose levels.
A 28-year-old woman with type 1 diabetes is planning to participate in a marathon. What advice should the nurse provide for blood glucose management during the race? A. Skip insulin doses on the race day. B. Carry extra insulin for emergencies. C. Monitor blood glucose levels only after the race. D. Adjust insulin dosing based on the anticipated activity level.
Answer: D. Adjust insulin dosing based on the anticipated activity level.
Explanation: To manage blood glucose during a marathon or other physical activities, it is essential to adjust insulin dosing based on the anticipated activity level. Skipping insulin doses (A) is not recommended. Carrying extra insulin (B) is important but must be done with proper storage and precautions. Monitoring blood glucose levels before, during, and after the race (C) is crucial.
A 32-year-old man with type 1 diabetes is experiencing symptoms of hypoglycemia, including confusion and dizziness. What is the nurse’s priority action? A. Administer a bolus of insulin. B. Provide a high-carbohydrate snack or drink. C. Encourage the patient to rest and wait for it to pass. D. Perform a fingerstick blood glucose measurement.
Answer: B. Provide a high-carbohydrate snack or drink.
Explanation: The priority action for hypoglycemia with symptoms like confusion and dizziness is to provide a high-carbohydrate snack or drink to rapidly raise blood glucose levels. Administering a bolus of insulin (A) would worsen the condition. While resting (C) can help, providing glucose is more immediate. Performing a fingerstick blood glucose measurement (D) can confirm hypoglycemia but should not delay treatment.
A 22-year-old woman with type 1 diabetes is planning a pregnancy. What is the most important preconception counseling advice for her? A. Begin taking oral contraceptives to avoid pregnancy. B. Stop all diabetes medications before attempting to conceive. C. Achieve tight blood glucose control before becoming pregnant. D. Delay pregnancy until after reaching a certain age.
Answer: C. Achieve tight blood glucose control before becoming pregnant.
Explanation: The most important preconception counseling advice for a woman with type 1 diabetes is to achieve tight blood glucose control before becoming pregnant, as this can help reduce the risk of complications during pregnancy. Beginning oral contraceptives (A) is not the goal for a woman planning to conceive. Stopping all diabetes medications (B) is not recommended without proper guidance. Delaying pregnancy based on age (D) is a personal choice and may not be necessary.A 19-year-old man with type 1 diabetes is admitted to the hospital with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). What is the primary goal of initial treatment for DKA? A. Administer a bolus of insulin. B. Correct hypokalemia. C. Rehydrate and reverse acidosis. D. Provide supplemental oxygen.
Answer: C. Rehydrate and reverse acidosis.
Explanation: The primary goal of initial treatment for DKA is to rehydrate the patient and reverse acidosis through fluid resuscitation and insulin therapy. Administering a bolus of insulin (A) is important but should follow rehydration. Correcting hypokalemia (B) is a critical part of treatment but comes after rehydration. Providing supplemental oxygen (D) may be necessary but is not the primary goal.A 16-year-old with type 1 diabetes is experiencing signs of hypoglycemia during a school exam, including trembling hands and sweating. What is the nurse’s initial intervention? A. Offer a carbohydrate-rich snack. B. Administer glucagon injection. C. Provide an insulin injection. D. Encourage the student to skip the exam.
Answer: A. Offer a carbohydrate-rich snack.
Explanation: The initial intervention for hypoglycemia is to offer a carbohydrate-rich snack to rapidly raise blood glucose levels. Administering glucagon (B) would be necessary if the hypoglycemia is severe and the student loses consciousness. Providing an insulin injection (C) is not appropriate during hypoglycemia. Encouraging the student to skip the exam (D) is not the solution.
A 24-year-old woman with type 1 diabetes is considering an insulin pump for better blood glucose control. What potential advantage of an insulin pump should the healthcare provider discuss with the patient? A. Lower cost B. Simplicity of use C. Greater flexibility in insulin dosing D. Reduced need for blood glucose monitoring
Answer: C. Greater flexibility in insulin dosing
Explanation: Insulin pumps provide greater flexibility in insulin dosing, allowing for customizable and precise insulin delivery. They may not be lower in cost (A), but they offer advantages in control. While they require training, they are not overly complex (B). An insulin pump does not eliminate the need for blood glucose monitoring (D).
A 35-year-old woman with type 1 diabetes has been experiencing recurring episodes of hyperglycemia and is concerned about her overall blood glucose control. What action should the healthcare provider recommend? A. Increase the long-acting insulin dose. B. Administer extra bolus insulin before meals. C. Monitor blood glucose levels frequently. D. Skip meals to reduce carbohydrate intake.
Answer: C. Monitor blood glucose levels frequently.
Explanation: Monitoring blood glucose levels frequently is crucial to understanding patterns of hyperglycemia and making appropriate adjustments to insulin dosing. Increasing the long-acting insulin dose (A) may lead to hypoglycemia. Administering extra bolus insulin (B) without monitoring can also be risky. Skipping meals (D) is not recommended.
A 45-year-old man with type 1 diabetes is experiencing symptoms of hyperglycemia, including excessive thirst and frequent urination. What action should the nurse recommend to help lower his blood glucose levels? A. Reduce the insulin dose. B. Increase carbohydrate intake. C. Increase fluid intake. D. Administer a correction dose of insulin.
Answer: D. Administer a correction dose of insulin.
Explanation: To lower blood glucose levels in a person experiencing hyperglycemia, it is important to administer a correction dose of insulin to bring levels back to the target range. Reducing the insulin dose (A) is not advisable. Increasing carbohydrate intake (B) would worsen hyperglycemia, and increasing fluid intake (C) alone will not effectively lower blood glucose levels.
A 28-year-old woman with type 1 diabetes is planning to participate in a marathon. What advice should the nurse provide for blood glucose management during the race? A. Skip insulin doses on the race day. B. Carry extra insulin for emergencies. C. Monitor blood glucose levels only after the race. D. Adjust insulin dosing based on the anticipated activity level.
Answer: D. Adjust insulin dosing based on the anticipated activity level.
Explanation: To manage blood glucose during a marathon or other physical activities, it is essential to adjust insulin dosing based on the anticipated activity level. Skipping insulin doses (A) is not recommended. Carrying extra insulin (B) is important but must be done with proper storage and precautions. Monitoring blood glucose levels before, during, and after the race (C) is crucial.
A 32-year-old man with type 1 diabetes is experiencing symptoms of hypoglycemia, including confusion and dizziness. What is the nurse’s priority action? A. Administer a bolus of insulin. B. Provide a high-carbohydrate snack or drink. C. Encourage the patient to rest and wait for it to pass. D. Perform a fingerstick blood glucose measurement.
Answer: B. Provide a high-carbohydrate snack or drink.
Explanation: The priority action for hypoglycemia with symptoms like confusion and dizziness is to provide a high-carbohydrate snack or drink to rapidly raise blood glucose levels. Administering a bolus of insulin (A) would worsen the condition. While resting (C) can help, providing glucose is more immediate. Performing a fingerstick blood glucose measurement (D) can confirm hypoglycemia but should not delay treatment.
A 22-year-old woman with type 1 diabetes is planning a pregnancy. What is the most important preconception counseling advice for her? A. Begin taking oral contraceptives to avoid pregnancy. B. Stop all diabetes medications before attempting to conceive. C. Achieve tight blood glucose control before becoming pregnant. D. Delay pregnancy until after reaching a certain age.
Answer: C. Achieve tight blood glucose control before becoming pregnant.
Explanation: The most important preconception counseling advice for a woman with type 1 diabetes is to achieve tight blood glucose control before becoming pregnant, as this can help reduce the risk of complications during pregnancy. Beginning oral contraceptives (A) is not the goal for a woman planning to conceive. Stopping all diabetes medications (B) is not recommended without proper guidance. Delaying pregnancy based on age (D) is a personal choice and may not be necessary.
A 19-year-old man with type 1 diabetes is admitted to the hospital with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). What is the primary goal of initial treatment for DKA? A. Administer a bolus of insulin. B. Correct hypokalemia. C. Rehydrate and reverse acidosis. D. Provide supplemental oxygen.
Answer: C. Rehydrate and reverse acidosis.
Explanation: The primary goal of initial treatment for DKA is to rehydrate the patient and reverse acidosis through fluid resuscitation and insulin therapy. Administering a bolus of insulin (A) is important but should follow rehydration. Correcting hypokalemia (B) is a critical part of treatment but comes after rehydration. Providing supplemental oxygen (D) may be necessary but is not the primary goal.
A 55-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes presents with symptoms of polydipsia, polyuria, and unexplained weight loss. Her fasting blood glucose level is 250 mg/dL. What diagnostic test should be performed to confirm the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes? A. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) B. HbA1c test C. Fasting insulin level D. Random blood glucose test
Answer: B. HbA1c test
Explanation: The HbA1c test is a reliable diagnostic tool for confirming the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes as it provides an average measure of blood glucose control over the past 2-3 months. While an OGTT (A) may be used to diagnose diabetes, it is not the primary test. Fasting insulin levels (C) are not typically used for diagnosing type 2 diabetes, and a random blood glucose test (D) is not recommended for diagnosis.
A 68-year-old man with type 2 diabetes presents with recurrent episodes of hypoglycemia. He is currently taking metformin and a sulfonylurea. What action should the healthcare provider recommend to prevent further hypoglycemic episodes? A. Stop taking metformin. B. Reduce daily carbohydrate intake. C. Increase physical activity. D. Adjust the sulfonylurea dosage or timing.
Answer: D. Adjust the sulfonylurea dosage or timing.
Explanation: Adjusting the sulfonylurea dosage or timing can help prevent hypoglycemic episodes in a patient with recurrent hypoglycemia while taking metformin and a sulfonylurea. Stopping metformin (A) is not typically necessary and should be done under guidance. Reducing carbohydrate intake (B) may be necessary but should be balanced with insulin adjustments. Increasing physical activity (C) can help improve blood glucose control but should be balanced with medication adjustments.
A 62-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes is admitted to the hospital with symptoms of severe hyperglycemia, such as confusion, fruity breath odor, and rapid breathing. Which acute complication of uncontrolled diabetes should be suspected in this patient? A. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) B. Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) C. Hypoglycemia D. Diabetic retinopathy
Answer: A. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
Explanation: The symptoms described, along with severe hyperglycemia and fruity breath odor, are indicative of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), which is an acute complication of uncontrolled diabetes. HHS (B) presents differently and is more common in type 2 diabetes. Hypoglycemia (C) is low blood sugar, and diabetic retinopathy (D) is an eye complication but not the primary diagnosis.
A 45-year-old man with type 2 diabetes is concerned about managing his diabetes during an international trip that involves crossing multiple time zones. What advice should the healthcare provider provide for blood glucose control during the journey? A. Skip insulin doses to avoid the hassle of injection. B. Carry extra insulin in checked luggage. C. Adjust insulin dosing based on the time zone of his departure. D. Delay blood glucose monitoring until after the trip.
Answer: C. Adjust insulin dosing based on the time zone of his departure.
Explanation: When traveling across multiple time zones, it’s important to adjust insulin dosing based on the time zone of the departure to maintain proper blood glucose control. Skipping insulin doses (A) is not recommended. Storing insulin in checked luggage (B) is not advisable due to temperature variations. Delaying blood glucose monitoring (D) is not recommended; monitoring is essential during the trip.
A 58-year-old man with type 2 diabetes is experiencing recurrent episodes of hyperglycemia, despite adherence to his medication regimen and dietary plan. What intervention should the healthcare provider recommend to improve blood glucose control? A. Stop taking all diabetes medications. B. Reduce daily carbohydrate intake. C. Increase physical activity. D. Avoid monitoring blood glucose levels.
Answer: C. Increase physical activity.
Explanation: Increasing physical activity can help improve blood glucose control in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Stopping all diabetes medications (A) without guidance is not advisable. Reducing carbohydrate intake (B) should be done with proper guidance. Avoiding monitoring blood glucose levels (D) is not recommended; monitoring is essential for managing diabetes.
A 60-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes is planning a family camping trip. What advice should the nurse provide for blood glucose control in the outdoor setting? A. Reduce insulin dosage to conserve supplies. B. Increase carbohydrate intake to sustain energy. C. Monitor blood glucose levels frequently. D. Avoid physical activity to prevent hypoglycemia.
Answer: C. Monitor blood glucose levels frequently.
Explanation: When camping, it’s crucial for individuals with diabetes to monitor blood glucose levels frequently to make necessary insulin and meal adjustments. Reducing insulin dosage (A) can lead to hyperglycemia. Increasing carbohydrate intake (B) may be necessary but should be balanced with insulin adjustments. Avoiding physical activity (D) is not recommended; staying active can help manage blood glucose levels.
A 48-year-old man with type 2 diabetes is admitted to the hospital with frequent episodes of hypoglycemia. What action should the healthcare provider recommend to prevent further hypoglycemic events? A. Administer extra bolus insulin doses. B. Provide a high-carbohydrate snack before meals. C. Encourage the patient to skip meals. D. Adjust the timing of insulin injections.
Answer: D. Adjust the timing of insulin injections.
Explanation: Adjusting the timing of insulin injections can help prevent further hypoglycemic events in a patient with recurrent hypoglycemia. Administering extra bolus insulin doses (A) may lead to more hypoglycemia. Providing a high-carbohydrate snack before meals (B) may help but should be done along with appropriate insulin adjustments. Encouraging the patient to skip meals (C) is not advisable.
A 72-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes is concerned about managing her diabetes during a long-distance flight. What advice should the healthcare provider provide for diabetes management during the journey? A. Skip insulin doses to avoid the hassle of injection. B. Carry extra insulin in checked luggage. C. Adjust insulin dosing based on the time zone of her destination. D. Delay any blood glucose monitoring until after the flight.
Answer: C. Adjust insulin dosing based on the time zone of her destination.
Explanation: When traveling across time zones, it’s important to adjust insulin dosing to match the new time zone to maintain proper blood glucose control. Skipping insulin doses (A) is not recommended. Storing insulin in checked luggage (B) is not advisable due to temperature variations. Delaying blood glucose monitoring (D) is not recommended; monitoring is essential during the flight.
A 65-year-old man with type 2 diabetes is experiencing symptoms of hypoglycemia, including confusion and sweating. What is the nurse’s priority action? A. Administer a bolus of insulin. B. Provide a high-carbohydrate snack or drink. C. Encourage the patient to rest and wait for it to pass. D. Perform a fingerstick blood glucose measurement.
Answer: B. Provide a high-carbohydrate snack or drink.
Explanation: The priority action for hypoglycemia with symptoms like confusion and sweating is to provide a high-carbohydrate snack or drink to rapidly raise blood glucose levels. Administering a bolus of insulin (A) would worsen the condition. While resting (C) can help, providing glucose is more immediate. Performing a fingerstick blood glucose measurement (D) can confirm hypoglycemia but should not delay treatment.
A 68-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes is planning to travel by air. What advice should the healthcare provider provide for diabetes management during the flight? A. Skip insulin doses to avoid the hassle of injection. B. Carry extra insulin in checked luggage. C. Adjust insulin dosing based on the time zone of her departure. D. Delay any blood glucose monitoring until after the flight.
Answer: C. Adjust insulin dosing based on the time zone of her departure.
Explanation: When traveling by air, adjusting insulin dosing based on the time zone of departure is important to maintain proper blood glucose control. Skipping insulin doses (A) is not recommended. Storing insulin in checked luggage (B) is not advisable due to temperature variations. Delaying blood glucose monitoring (D) is not recommended; monitoring is essential during the flight.
A 55-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes presents with symptoms of polydipsia, polyuria, and unexplained weight loss. Her fasting blood glucose level is 250 mg/dL. What diagnostic test should be performed to confirm the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes? A. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) B. HbA1c test C. Fasting insulin level D. Random blood glucose test
Answer: B. HbA1c test
Explanation: The HbA1c test is a reliable diagnostic tool for confirming the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes as it provides an average measure of blood glucose control over the past 2-3 months. While an OGTT (A) may be used to diagnose diabetes, it is not the primary test. Fasting insulin levels (C) are not typically used for diagnosing type 2 diabetes, and a random blood glucose test (D) is not recommended for diagnosis.
A 68-year-old man with type 2 diabetes presents with recurrent episodes of hypoglycemia. He is currently taking metformin and a sulfonylurea. What action should the healthcare provider recommend to prevent further hypoglycemic episodes? A. Stop taking metformin. B. Reduce daily carbohydrate intake. C. Increase physical activity. D. Adjust the sulfonylurea dosage or timing.
Answer: D. Adjust the sulfonylurea dosage or timing.
Explanation: Adjusting the sulfonylurea dosage or timing can help prevent hypoglycemic episodes in a patient with recurrent hypoglycemia while taking metformin and a sulfonylurea. Stopping metformin (A) is not typically necessary and should be done under guidance. Reducing carbohydrate intake (B) may be necessary but should be balanced with insulin adjustments. Increasing physical activity (C) can help improve blood glucose control but should be balanced with medication adjustments.
A 62-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes is admitted to the hospital with symptoms of severe hyperglycemia, such as confusion, fruity breath odor, and rapid breathing. Which acute complication of uncontrolled diabetes should be suspected in this patient? A. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) B. Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) C. Hypoglycemia D. Diabetic retinopathy
Answer: A. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
Explanation: The symptoms described, along with severe hyperglycemia and fruity breath odor, are indicative of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), which is an acute complication of uncontrolled diabetes. HHS (B) presents differently and is more common in type 2 diabetes. Hypoglycemia (C) is low blood sugar, and diabetic retinopathy (D) is an eye complication but not the primary diagnosis.
A 45-year-old man with type 2 diabetes is concerned about managing his diabetes during an international trip that involves crossing multiple time zones. What advice should the healthcare provider provide for blood glucose control during the journey? A. Skip insulin doses to avoid the hassle of injection. B. Carry extra insulin in checked luggage. C. Adjust insulin dosing based on the time zone of his departure. D. Delay blood glucose monitoring until after the trip.
Answer: C. Adjust insulin dosing based on the time zone of his departure.
Explanation: When traveling across multiple time zones, it’s important to adjust insulin dosing based on the time zone of the departure to maintain proper blood glucose control. Skipping insulin doses (A) is not recommended. Storing insulin in checked luggage (B) is not advisable due to temperature variations. Delaying blood glucose monitoring (D) is not recommended; monitoring is essential during the trip.
A 58-year-old man with type 2 diabetes is experiencing recurrent episodes of hyperglycemia, despite adherence to his medication regimen and dietary plan. What intervention should the healthcare provider recommend to improve blood glucose control? A. Stop taking all diabetes medications. B. Reduce daily carbohydrate intake. C. Increase physical activity. D. Avoid monitoring blood glucose levels.
Answer: C. Increase physical activity.
Explanation: Increasing physical activity can help improve blood glucose control in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Stopping all diabetes medications (A) without guidance is not advisable. Reducing carbohydrate intake (B) should be done with proper guidance. Avoiding monitoring blood glucose levels (D) is not recommended; monitoring is essential for managing diabetes.
A 60-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes is planning a family camping trip. What advice should the nurse provide for blood glucose control in the outdoor setting? A. Reduce insulin dosage to conserve supplies. B. Increase carbohydrate intake to sustain energy. C. Monitor blood glucose levels frequently. D. Avoid physical activity to prevent hypoglycemia.
Answer: C. Monitor blood glucose levels frequently.
Explanation: When camping, it’s crucial for individuals with diabetes to monitor blood glucose levels frequently to make necessary insulin and meal adjustments. Reducing insulin dosage (A) can lead to hyperglycemia. Increasing carbohydrate intake (B) may be necessary but should be balanced with insulin adjustments. Avoiding physical activity (D) is not recommended; staying active can help manage blood glucose levels.
A 48-year-old man with type 2 diabetes is admitted to the hospital with frequent episodes of hypoglycemia. What action should the healthcare provider recommend to prevent further hypoglycemic events? A. Administer extra bolus insulin doses. B. Provide a high-carbohydrate snack before meals. C. Encourage the patient to skip meals. D. Adjust the timing of insulin injections.
Answer: D. Adjust the timing of insulin injections.
Explanation: Adjusting the timing of insulin injections can help prevent further hypoglycemic events in a patient with recurrent hypoglycemia. Administering extra bolus insulin doses (A) may lead to more hypoglycemia. Providing a high-carbohydrate snack before meals (B) may help but should be done along with appropriate insulin adjustments. Encouraging the patient to skip meals (C) is not advisable.
A 72-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes is concerned about managing her diabetes during a long-distance flight. What advice should the healthcare provider provide for diabetes management during the journey? A. Skip insulin doses to avoid the hassle of injection. B. Carry extra insulin in checked luggage. C. Adjust insulin dosing based on the time zone of her destination. D. Delay any blood glucose monitoring until after the flight.
Answer: C. Adjust insulin dosing based on the time zone of her destination.
Explanation: When traveling across time zones, it’s important to adjust insulin dosing to match the new time zone to maintain proper blood glucose control. Skipping insulin doses (A) is not recommended. Storing insulin in checked luggage (B) is not advisable due to temperature variations. Delaying blood glucose monitoring (D) is not recommended; monitoring is essential during the flight.
A 65-year-old man with type 2 diabetes is experiencing symptoms of hypoglycemia, including confusion and sweating. What is the nurse’s priority action? A. Administer a bolus of insulin. B. Provide a high-carbohydrate snack or drink. C. Encourage the patient to rest and wait for it to pass. D. Perform a fingerstick blood glucose measurement.
Answer: B. Provide a high-carbohydrate snack or drink.
Explanation: The priority action for hypoglycemia with symptoms like confusion and sweating is to provide a high-carbohydrate snack or drink to rapidly raise blood glucose levels. Administering a bolus of insulin (A) would worsen the condition. While resting (C) can help, providing glucose is more immediate. Performing a fingerstick blood glucose measurement (D) can confirm hypoglycemia but should not delay treatment.
A 68-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes is planning to travel by air. What advice should the healthcare provider provide for diabetes management during the flight? A. Skip insulin doses to avoid the hassle of injection. B. Carry extra insulin in checked luggage. C. Adjust insulin dosing based on the time zone of her departure. D. Delay any blood glucose monitoring until after the flight.
Answer: C. Adjust insulin dosing based on the time zone of her departure.
Explanation: When traveling by air, adjusting insulin dosing based on the time zone of departure is important to maintain proper blood glucose control. Skipping insulin doses (A) is not recommended. Storing insulin in checked luggage (B) is not advisable due to temperature variations. Delaying blood glucose monitoring (D) is not recommended; monitoring is essential during the flight.
A 55-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes is starting an exercise program. What should the healthcare provider recommend regarding the timing of exercise in relation to meals for optimal blood glucose control? A. Exercise immediately after a meal. B. Exercise on an empty stomach. C. Exercise right before a meal. D. Exercise at any time of day, as long as it is consistent.
Answer: A. Exercise immediately after a meal.
Explanation: Exercising immediately after a meal can help improve blood glucose control in individuals with diabetes by utilizing the ingested carbohydrates for energy. Exercising on an empty stomach (B) can lead to hypoglycemia. Exercising right before a meal (C) may not provide the same benefit. Consistency in exercise timing (D) is essential but may be adapted based on individual preferences and blood glucose response.
A 60-year-old man with type 2 diabetes is admitted to the hospital with an infected foot ulcer. Which of the following nursing interventions is most important to prevent the spread of infection in this patient? A. Administering insulin as prescribed. B. Maintaining proper foot hygiene. C. Monitoring blood pressure. D. Ensuring adequate fluid intake.
Answer: B. Maintaining proper foot hygiene.
Explanation: Proper foot hygiene is essential in preventing the spread of infection in patients with diabetes and foot ulcers. Administering insulin (A), monitoring blood pressure (C), and ensuring fluid intake (D) are important aspects of care but are not directly related to preventing the spread of infection from the foot ulcer.
A 70-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes is prescribed a medication that inhibits the sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2). What potential side effect should the healthcare provider educate the patient about when taking this medication? A. Hypoglycemia B. Weight gain C. Genital yeast infections D. High blood pressure
Answer: C. Genital yeast infections
Explanation: SGLT2 inhibitors may increase the risk of genital yeast infections in some individuals. They do not typically cause hypoglycemia (A), weight gain (B), or high blood pressure (D).
A 58-year-old man with type 2 diabetes is prescribed a medication from the thiazolidinedione (TZD) class. What potential side effect should the healthcare provider monitor for and educate the patient about when taking this medication? A. Hypoglycemia B. Bone fractures C. Pancreatitis D. Gastrointestinal upset
Answer: B. Bone fractures
Explanation: TZD medications have been associated with an increased risk of bone fractures, so the healthcare provider should monitor for this potential side effect and educate the patient accordingly. They do not typically cause hypoglycemia (A), pancreatitis (C), or gastrointestinal upset (D).
A 65-year-old man with type 2 diabetes is concerned about managing his condition during an upcoming vacation. What advice should the healthcare provider provide for diabetes management while traveling? A. Skip insulin doses to avoid hassle. B. Carry extra insulin in checked luggage. C. Keep diabetes supplies in a carry-on bag. D. Adjust insulin dosing based on the destination’s local cuisine.
Answer: C. Keep diabetes supplies in a carry-on bag.
Explanation: It’s crucial to keep diabetes supplies, including insulin, in a carry-on bag when traveling to ensure they are readily accessible and not subjected to temperature extremes. Skipping insulin doses (A) is not recommended. Storing insulin in checked luggage (B) is not advisable. Adjusting insulin dosing based on local cuisine (D) should be done with caution and guidance.
A 48-year-old man with type 2 diabetes is prescribed a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist. What is the primary mechanism of action of GLP-1 receptor agonists in managing blood glucose levels? A. Stimulating insulin secretion from the pancreas B. Reducing appetite and promoting weight loss C. Increasing insulin resistance in target tissues D. Enhancing glucose absorption in the gut
Answer: B. Reducing appetite and promoting weight loss
Explanation: GLP-1 receptor agonists primarily reduce appetite and promote weight loss, which can help improve blood glucose control. They do stimulate insulin secretion (A), but this is not their primary mechanism. They do not increase insulin resistance (C) or enhance glucose absorption in the gut (D).
A 72-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes is prescribed a sulfonylurea medication. What should the healthcare provider educate the patient about regarding the risk of hypoglycemia while taking this medication? A. Hypoglycemia is unlikely to occur. B. Hypoglycemia may be a potential side effect. C. Hypoglycemia is only a concern for type 1 diabetes. D. Hypoglycemia can be prevented by increasing carbohydrate intake.
Answer: B. Hypoglycemia may be a potential side effect.
Explanation: Sulfonylureas can increase the risk of hypoglycemia, so the patient should be educated about this potential side effect. Hypoglycemia is possible and can occur even in type 2 diabetes. Increasing carbohydrate intake (D) may help prevent hypoglycemia but should be balanced with proper medication adjustments.
A 55-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes is scheduled for a dental procedure. What should the healthcare provider recommend to the patient regarding diabetes management on the day of the procedure? A. Skip all diabetes medications on that day. B. Monitor blood glucose levels more frequently. C. Avoid all oral intake, including water. D. Continue diabetes medications as prescribed.
Answer: D. Continue diabetes medications as prescribed.
Explanation: It’s important for the patient to continue taking diabetes medications as prescribed, even on the day of a dental procedure. Skipping medications (A) can lead to uncontrolled blood glucose levels. Monitoring blood glucose levels (B) is essential but should be balanced with proper medication management. The patient should follow the healthcare provider’s guidance on oral intake (C) as some procedures may require fasting.
A 65-year-old man with type 2 diabetes is concerned about managing his condition during a power outage. What advice should the healthcare provider provide for diabetes management in such situations? A. Reduce insulin dosage to conserve supplies. B. Keep insulin and medications refrigerated. C. Maintain proper storage of diabetes supplies. D. Ration food and water intake.
Answer: C. Maintain proper storage of diabetes supplies.
Explanation: Proper storage of diabetes supplies is essential during a power outage to ensure they remain effective and safe to use. Reducing insulin dosage (A) is not recommended and can lead to hyperglycemia. Insulin and medications should not be kept refrigerated (B) during a power outage. Rationing food and water intake (D) is not specific to diabetes management during a power outage.
Answer: A. Exercise immediately after a meal.
Explanation: Exercising immediately after a meal can help improve blood glucose control in individuals with diabetes by utilizing the ingested carbohydrates for energy. Exercising on an empty stomach (B) can lead to hypoglycemia. Exercising right before a meal (C) may not provide the same benefit. Consistency in exercise timing (D) is essential but may be adapted based on individual preferences and blood glucose response.
A 60-year-old man with type 2 diabetes is admitted to the hospital with an infected foot ulcer. Which of the following nursing interventions is most important to prevent the spread of infection in this patient? A. Administering insulin as prescribed. B. Maintaining proper foot hygiene. C. Monitoring blood pressure. D. Ensuring adequate fluid intake.
Answer: B. Maintaining proper foot hygiene.
Explanation: Proper foot hygiene is essential in preventing the spread of infection in patients with diabetes and foot ulcers. Administering insulin (A), monitoring blood pressure (C), and ensuring fluid intake (D) are important aspects of care but are not directly related to preventing the spread of infection from the foot ulcer.
A 70-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes is prescribed a medication that inhibits the sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2). What potential side effect should the healthcare provider educate the patient about when taking this medication? A. Hypoglycemia B. Weight gain C. Genital yeast infections D. High blood pressure
Answer: C. Genital yeast infections
Explanation: SGLT2 inhibitors may increase the risk of genital yeast infections in some individuals. They do not typically cause hypoglycemia (A), weight gain (B), or high blood pressure (D).
A 58-year-old man with type 2 diabetes is prescribed a medication from the thiazolidinedione (TZD) class. What potential side effect should the healthcare provider monitor for and educate the patient about when taking this medication? A. Hypoglycemia B. Bone fractures C. Pancreatitis D. Gastrointestinal upset
Answer: B. Bone fractures
Explanation: TZD medications have been associated with an increased risk of bone fractures, so the healthcare provider should monitor for this potential side effect and educate the patient accordingly. They do not typically cause hypoglycemia (A), pancreatitis (C), or gastrointestinal upset (D).
A 65-year-old man with type 2 diabetes is concerned about managing his condition during an upcoming vacation. What advice should the healthcare provider provide for diabetes management while traveling? A. Skip insulin doses to avoid hassle. B. Carry extra insulin in checked luggage. C. Keep diabetes supplies in a carry-on bag. D. Adjust insulin dosing based on the destination’s local cuisine.
Answer: C. Keep diabetes supplies in a carry-on bag.
Explanation: It’s crucial to keep diabetes supplies, including insulin, in a carry-on bag when traveling to ensure they are readily accessible and not subjected to temperature extremes. Skipping insulin doses (A) is not recommended. Storing insulin in checked luggage (B) is not advisable. Adjusting insulin dosing based on local cuisine (D) should be done with caution and guidance.
A 48-year-old man with type 2 diabetes is prescribed a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist. What is the primary mechanism of action of GLP-1 receptor agonists in managing blood glucose levels? A. Stimulating insulin secretion from the pancreas B. Reducing appetite and promoting weight loss C. Increasing insulin resistance in target tissues D. Enhancing glucose absorption in the gut
Answer: B. Reducing appetite and promoting weight loss
Explanation: GLP-1 receptor agonists primarily reduce appetite and promote weight loss, which can help improve blood glucose control. They do stimulate insulin secretion (A), but this is not their primary mechanism. They do not increase insulin resistance (C) or enhance glucose absorption in the gut (D).
A 72-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes is prescribed a sulfonylurea medication. What should the healthcare provider educate the patient about regarding the risk of hypoglycemia while taking this medication? A. Hypoglycemia is unlikely to occur. B. Hypoglycemia may be a potential side effect. C. Hypoglycemia is only a concern for type 1 diabetes. D. Hypoglycemia can be prevented by increasing carbohydrate intake.
Answer: B. Hypoglycemia may be a potential side effect.
Explanation: Sulfonylureas can increase the risk of hypoglycemia, so the patient should be educated about this potential side effect. Hypoglycemia is possible and can occur even in type 2 diabetes. Increasing carbohydrate intake (D) may help prevent hypoglycemia but should be balanced with proper medication adjustments.
A 55-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes is scheduled for a dental procedure. What should the healthcare provider recommend to the patient regarding diabetes management on the day of the procedure? A. Skip all diabetes medications on that day. B. Monitor blood glucose levels more frequently. C. Avoid all oral intake, including water. D. Continue diabetes medications as prescribed.
Answer: D. Continue diabetes medications as prescribed.
Explanation: It’s important for the patient to continue taking diabetes medications as prescribed, even on the day of a dental procedure. Skipping medications (A) can lead to uncontrolled blood glucose levels. Monitoring blood glucose levels (B) is essential but should be balanced with proper medication management. The patient should follow the healthcare provider’s guidance on oral intake (C) as some procedures may require fasting.
A 65-year-old man with type 2 diabetes is concerned about managing his condition during a power outage. What advice should the healthcare provider provide for diabetes management in such situations? A. Reduce insulin dosage to conserve supplies. B. Keep insulin and medications refrigerated. C. Maintain proper storage of diabetes supplies. D. Ration food and water intake.
Answer: C. Maintain proper storage of diabetes supplies.
Explanation: Proper storage of diabetes supplies is essential during a power outage to ensure they remain effective and safe to use. Reducing insulin dosage (A) is not recommended and can lead to hyperglycemia. Insulin and medications should not be kept refrigerated (B) during a power outage. Rationing food and water intake (D) is not specific to diabetes management during a power outage.
Answer: A. Exercise immediately after a meal.
Explanation: Exercising immediately after a meal can help improve blood glucose control in individuals with diabetes by utilizing the ingested carbohydrates for energy. Exercising on an empty stomach (B) can lead to hypoglycemia. Exercising right before a meal (C) may not provide the same benefit. Consistency in exercise timing (D) is essential but may be adapted based on individual preferences and blood glucose response.
A 60-year-old man with type 2 diabetes is admitted to the hospital with an infected foot ulcer. Which of the following nursing interventions is most important to prevent the spread of infection in this patient? A. Administering insulin as prescribed. B. Maintaining proper foot hygiene. C. Monitoring blood pressure. D. Ensuring adequate fluid intake.
Answer: B. Maintaining proper foot hygiene.
Explanation: Proper foot hygiene is essential in preventing the spread of infection in patients with diabetes and foot ulcers. Administering insulin (A), monitoring blood pressure (C), and ensuring fluid intake (D) are important aspects of care but are not directly related to preventing the spread of infection from the foot ulcer.
A 70-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes is prescribed a medication that inhibits the sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2). What potential side effect should the healthcare provider educate the patient about when taking this medication? A. Hypoglycemia B. Weight gain C. Genital yeast infections D. High blood pressure
Answer: C. Genital yeast infections
Explanation: SGLT2 inhibitors may increase the risk of genital yeast infections in some individuals. They do not typically cause hypoglycemia (A), weight gain (B), or high blood pressure (D).
A 58-year-old man with type 2 diabetes is prescribed a medication from the thiazolidinedione (TZD) class. What potential side effect should the healthcare provider monitor for and educate the patient about when taking this medication? A. Hypoglycemia B. Bone fractures C. Pancreatitis D. Gastrointestinal upset
Answer: B. Bone fractures
Explanation: TZD medications have been associated with an increased risk of bone fractures, so the healthcare provider should monitor for this potential side effect and educate the patient accordingly. They do not typically cause hypoglycemia (A), pancreatitis (C), or gastrointestinal upset (D).
A 65-year-old man with type 2 diabetes is concerned about managing his condition during an upcoming vacation. What advice should the healthcare provider provide for diabetes management while traveling? A. Skip insulin doses to avoid hassle. B. Carry extra insulin in checked luggage. C. Keep diabetes supplies in a carry-on bag. D. Adjust insulin dosing based on the destination’s local cuisine.
Answer: C. Keep diabetes supplies in a carry-on bag.
Explanation: It’s crucial to keep diabetes supplies, including insulin, in a carry-on bag when traveling to ensure they are readily accessible and not subjected to temperature extremes. Skipping insulin doses (A) is not recommended. Storing insulin in checked luggage (B) is not advisable. Adjusting insulin dosing based on local cuisine (D) should be done with caution and guidance.
A 48-year-old man with type 2 diabetes is prescribed a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist. What is the primary mechanism of action of GLP-1 receptor agonists in managing blood glucose levels? A. Stimulating insulin secretion from the pancreas B. Reducing appetite and promoting weight loss C. Increasing insulin resistance in target tissues D. Enhancing glucose absorption in the gut
Answer: B. Reducing appetite and promoting weight loss
Explanation: GLP-1 receptor agonists primarily reduce appetite and promote weight loss, which can help improve blood glucose control. They do stimulate insulin secretion (A), but this is not their primary mechanism. They do not increase insulin resistance (C) or enhance glucose absorption in the gut (D).
A 72-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes is prescribed a sulfonylurea medication. What should the healthcare provider educate the patient about regarding the risk of hypoglycemia while taking this medication? A. Hypoglycemia is unlikely to occur. B. Hypoglycemia may be a potential side effect. C. Hypoglycemia is only a concern for type 1 diabetes. D. Hypoglycemia can be prevented by increasing carbohydrate intake.
Answer: B. Hypoglycemia may be a potential side effect.
Explanation: Sulfonylureas can increase the risk of hypoglycemia, so the patient should be educated about this potential side effect. Hypoglycemia is possible and can occur even in type 2 diabetes. Increasing carbohydrate intake (D) may help prevent hypoglycemia but should be balanced with proper medication adjustments.
A 55-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes is scheduled for a dental procedure. What should the healthcare provider recommend to the patient regarding diabetes management on the day of the procedure? A. Skip all diabetes medications on that day. B. Monitor blood glucose levels more frequently. C. Avoid all oral intake, including water. D. Continue diabetes medications as prescribed.
Answer: D. Continue diabetes medications as prescribed.
Explanation: It’s important for the patient to continue taking diabetes medications as prescribed, even on the day of a dental procedure. Skipping medications (A) can lead to uncontrolled blood glucose levels. Monitoring blood glucose levels (B) is essential but should be balanced with proper medication management. The patient should follow the healthcare provider’s guidance on oral intake (C) as some procedures may require fasting.
A 65-year-old man with type 2 diabetes is concerned about managing his condition during a power outage. What advice should the healthcare provider provide for diabetes management in such situations? A. Reduce insulin dosage to conserve supplies. B. Keep insulin and medications refrigerated. C. Maintain proper storage of diabetes supplies. D. Ration food and water intake.
Answer: C. Maintain proper storage of diabetes supplies.
Explanation: Proper storage of diabetes supplies is essential during a power outage to ensure they remain effective and safe to use. Reducing insulin dosage (A) is not recommended and can lead to hyperglycemia. Insulin and medications should not be kept refrigerated (B) during a power outage. Rationing food and water intake (D) is not specific to diabetes management during a power outage.
