A nurse is caring for a client newly diagnosed with HIV. The client is prescribed antiretroviral therapy (ART). Which statement by the client indicates a need for further education?
A. “I should take my medication with a high-fat meal.”
B. “I will use a barrier form of protection to consistently to protect my partner.”
C. “I need to take my medication every day as prescribed.”
D. “I will report any signs of medication side effects to my healthcare provider.”
E. “It’s essential to complete the full course of my prescribed antibiotics.”
Rationale: Taking antiretroviral medications with a high-fat meal can reduce their absorption, potentially leading to suboptimal drug levels and treatment failure. It is crucial for clients to take these medications consistently to maintain viral suppression. Using a barrier method to consistently helps prevent transmission to partners. Reporting side effects and completing prescribed antibiotics are also essential aspects of HIV care. Correct Answer: A. “I should take my medication with a high-fat meal.”
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NCLEX Review: HIV, AIDS Disease Treatments
A client with HIV presents to the clinic with complaints of persistent fatigue and weakness. The nurse should prioritize assessing for which potential complication?
A. Tuberculosis
B. Kaposi’s sarcoma
C. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection
D. Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia
E. Hepatitis B infection
Rationale: Persistent fatigue and weakness in an HIV-positive client raise concerns about opportunistic infections. Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia is a common and potentially life-threatening infection in individuals with compromised immune systems. Tuberculosis, Kaposi’s sarcoma, CMV infection, and Hepatitis B are also complications associated with HIV, but they may present with different symptoms. Correct Answer: D. Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia
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Understanding HIV, AIDS: NCLEX Priority Questions
A pregnant client with HIV seeks advice on preventing transmission to the unborn baby. What intervention should the nurse recommend?
A. Encourage exclusive breastfeeding.
B. Administer antiretroviral therapy (ART) during pregnancy.
C. Suggest avoiding all prenatal vaccinations.
D. Recommend avoiding prenatal care to reduce exposure.
E. Advise against taking any prescribed medications during pregnancy.
Rationale: Administering antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy is a crucial intervention to reduce the risk of vertical transmission from mother to child. Exclusive breastfeeding is contraindicated in HIV-positive mothers due to the risk of transmission through breast milk. Prenatal vaccinations are important for both the mother and the baby’s health. Avoiding prenatal care and prescribed medications can compromise the health of both the mother and the baby. Correct Answer: B. Administer antiretroviral therapy (ART) during pregnancy.
Understanding HIV, AIDS: NCLEX Delegation Questions
A nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with HIV who is experiencing diarrhea. Which dietary recommendation is most appropriate for the nurse to provide?
A. Increase intake of high-fiber foods.
B. Consume a diet rich in raw vegetables.
C. Include dairy products in every meal.
D. Choose a low-residue diet.
E. Drink caffeinated beverages regularly.
Rationale: Diarrhea is a common symptom in HIV, and a low-residue diet helps decrease bowel movements and irritation. High-fiber and raw vegetable intake may exacerbate diarrhea. Including dairy products might be challenging for individuals with lactose intolerance common in HIV. Caffeinated beverages can contribute to dehydration, so they should be consumed in moderation. Correct Answer: D. Choose a low-residue diet.
Understanding HIV, AIDS: Causes and Symptoms
A client with HIV is prescribed a combination of antiretroviral medications. What is the primary goal of combination therapy in HIV management?
A. Eradicate the virus completely.
B. Minimize drug side effects.
C. Reduce the risk of drug resistance.
D. Achieve immediate symptom relief.
E. Enhance immune system function.
Rationale: Combination therapy in HIV involves using drugs from different classes to target the virus at multiple stages, reducing the risk of drug resistance. Eradicating the virus completely is currently not achievable. Minimizing side effects and enhancing immune function are important goals but not the primary aim of combination therapy. Immediate symptom relief is not a realistic expectation. Correct Answer: C. Reduce the risk of drug resistance.
NCLEX Practice Questions: Understanding HIV, AIDS Causes and Symptoms
A client with HIV is admitted to the hospital for a respiratory infection. The nurse notes the client has a low CD4+ T-cell count. What complication is the client at increased risk for?
A. Hyperlipidemia
B. Osteoporosis
C. Opportunistic infections
D. Pancreatitis
E. Hypertension
Rationale: A low CD4+ T-cell count indicates immunosuppression, increasing the risk of opportunistic infections in individuals with HIV. Hyperlipidemia, osteoporosis, and pancreatitis may occur in HIV but are not directly related to a low CD4+ count. Hypertension is not a common complication associated with immunosuppression in HIV. Correct Answer: C. Opportunistic infections.
NCLEX Focus Exploring HIV, AIDS: Causes and Diagnosis
A nurse is caring for a pregnant client diagnosed with HIV. The client asks about the risk of transmitting the virus to the baby during childbirth. What should the nurse include in the response?
A. The risk of transmission is highest during pregnancy.
B. Transmission is unlikely if the mother takes antibiotics during labor.
C. Cesarean section delivery is recommended to reduce transmission risk.
D. Breastfeeding is safe if the mother’s viral load is undetectable.
E. The risk of transmission is minimal, regardless of interventions.
Rationale: The risk of transmission is highest during childbirth. Administering antiretroviral therapy during labor and delivery, coupled with a cesarean section, significantly reduces the risk. While breastfeeding is generally discouraged in HIV-positive mothers, specific circumstances may warrant it, but a cesarean section remains crucial to minimize transmission risk. Correct Answer: C. Cesarean section delivery is recommended to reduce transmission risk.
NCLEX Questions: Focus on Medications for HIV, AIDS
A client with HIV is prescribed a combination of antiretroviral drugs. The client asks the nurse about the purpose of taking multiple medications. How should the nurse respond?
A. It helps achieve immediate symptom relief.
B. Multiple medications increase the chance of viral eradication.
C. The goal is to minimize drug side effects.
D. It reduces the risk of drug resistance.
E. Taking one medication is sufficient for managing HIV.
Rationale: Using a combination of antiretroviral drugs from different classes reduces the risk of viral resistance, as the virus is less likely to develop resistance to multiple drugs simultaneously. Correct Answer: D. It reduces the risk of drug resistance.
Achieving immediate symptom relief, viral eradication, and minimizing drug side effects are important but are not the primary goals of combination therapy. Relying on a single medication increases the risk of resistance.
A client with HIV is experiencing persistent diarrhea. Which intervention should the nurse recommend to manage this symptom?
A. Increase intake of high-fiber foods.
B. Consume raw vegetables for added nutrients.
C. Maintain hydration with caffeinated beverages.
D. Choose a low-residue diet.
E. Include dairy products in every meal.
Rationale: Persistent diarrhea is a common symptom in HIV, and a low-residue diet helps reduce bowel movements and irritation. High-fiber foods, raw vegetables, and caffeinated beverages can exacerbate diarrhea. Dairy products might be challenging for individuals with lactose intolerance, which is common in HIV. Correct Answer: D. Choose a low-residue diet.
A client with HIV is admitted to the hospital with a low CD4+ T-cell count. What complication should the nurse closely monitor for in this client?
A. Hyperlipidemia
B. Osteoporosis
C. Opportunistic infections
D. Pancreatitis
E. Hypertension
Rationale: A low CD4+ T-cell count indicates immunosuppression, increasing the risk of opportunistic infections in individuals with HIV. While hyperlipidemia, osteoporosis, and pancreatitis may occur in HIV, they are not directly related to a low CD4+ count. Hypertension is not a common complication associated with immunosuppression in HIV. Monitoring for and preventing opportunistic infections is a priority in care. Correct Answer: C. Opportunistic infections.
