Study with our free AANP Practice Questions, Qbank Test 8. The questions include answers and detailed rationales. Nursing topics focus on diagnosis, diagnostic tests, critical thinking, priorities of care, safe and effective care, treatments, and AANP clinical management. Achieve your highest score on the AANP Exam! Review cardiac valvular disease, treatment of common cardiovascular disorders, diagnostic testing, and clinical management of critical illness and cardiovascular disease.
A 62-year-old patient with a history of hypertension and carotid artery stenosis presents with recurrent episodes of vertigo and ataxia. On examination, you note an auscultatory bruit over the right carotid artery. Imaging confirms significant right carotid artery stenosis. Which of the following medications is indicated for the medical management of carotid artery stenosis in this patient?
A) Aspirin
B) Furosemide
C) Clopidogrel
D) Warfarin
E) Dipyridamole
Rationale: Dipyridamole, an antiplatelet medication, can be indicated for the medical management of carotid artery stenosis to reduce the risk of stroke.
A 55-year-old patient with a 40-year history of smoking presents with a persistent cough, weight loss, and hemoptysis. The patient has a family history of lung cancer. On physical examination, you note decreased breath sounds over the right lung. Chest X-ray reveals a mass in the right upper lobe. Which of the following complications of smoking is most likely in this patient?
A) Coronary artery disease (CAD)
B) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
C) Lung cancer
D) Hypertension
E) Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Rationale: The patient’s smoking history, symptoms, and imaging findings are suggestive of lung cancer, a well-known complication of smoking.
A 55-year-old patient with a history of diabetes and hypertension presents with recurrent episodes of sudden-onset visual loss in the right eye, lasting for a few seconds. On examination, you note an auscultatory bruit over the left carotid artery. Imaging confirms significant left carotid artery stenosis. Which of the following medications is indicated for the medical management of carotid artery stenosis in this patient?
A) Aspirin
B) Furosemide
C) Clopidogrel
D) Atorvastatin
E) Amlodipine
Rationale: Atorvastatin, a statin medication, is indicated for the medical management of carotid artery stenosis to reduce the risk of stroke and cardiovascular events by lowering LDL cholesterol levels.
A 60-year-old patient with a history of diabetes and hypertension presents with intermittent claudication in the right leg. On examination, you note diminished pedal pulses and signs of tissue ischemia. Ankle-brachial index (ABI) measurement confirms significant peripheral artery disease (PAD) in the right leg. Which of the following medications is indicated for the medical management of PAD in this patient?
A) Aspirin
B) Furosemide
C) Clopidogrel
D) Cilostazol
E) Ramipril
Rationale: Cilostazol, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, is indicated for the medical management of PAD to improve walking distance and reduce symptoms of intermittent claudication.
A 72-year-old patient with a history of hypertension and coronary artery disease presents with recurrent episodes of leg pain while walking. On examination, you note diminished pedal pulses and signs of tissue ischemia in both lower extremities. Ankle-brachial index (ABI) measurement confirms significant peripheral artery disease (PAD) in both legs. Which of the following medications is indicated for the medical management of PAD in this patient?
A) Aspirin
B) Furosemide
C) Clopidogrel
D) Cilostazol
E) Atorvastatin
Rationale: Atorvastatin, a statin medication, is indicated for the medical management of PAD to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events and improve blood flow.
A 64-year-old patient with a history of smoking and peripheral artery disease (PAD) presents with worsening claudication symptoms in the left leg. On examination, you note diminished pedal pulses and signs of tissue ischemia. Ankle-brachial index (ABI) measurement confirms significant PAD in the left leg. Which of the following medications is indicated for the medical management of PAD in this patient?
A) Aspirin
B) Furosemide
C) Clopidogrel
D) Pentoxifylline
E) Warfarin
Rationale: Pentoxifylline, a medication that improves blood flow, is indicated for the medical management of PAD to improve symptoms and walking distance.
A 45-year-old patient with a history of prolonged sitting due to a desk job presents with swelling, pain, and tenderness in the left leg. The leg appears red and warm to the touch. Doppler ultrasound confirms the diagnosis of acute deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in the left lower extremity. Which of the following medications is the first-line treatment for this patient with acute DVT?
A) Aspirin
B) Furosemide
C) Heparin
D) Warfarin
E) Pentoxifylline
Rationale: Heparin is the first-line treatment for acute deep vein thrombosis (DVT) to prevent further clot propagation and reduce the risk of pulmonary embolism.
A 60-year-old patient with a history of smoking and deep vein thrombosis (DVT) presents with recurrent DVT despite anticoagulation therapy. On examination, you note varicose veins and signs of chronic venous insufficiency. Which of the following medications is indicated for the medical management of chronic venous insufficiency and prevention of recurrent DVT in this patient?
A) Aspirin
B) Furosemide
C) Rivaroxaban
D) Pentoxifylline
E) Clopidogrel
Rationale: Rivaroxaban, a direct oral anticoagulant, may be indicated for the medical management of chronic venous insufficiency and prevention of recurrent DVT in patients with recurrent DVT despite anticoagulation therapy.
A 60-year-old patient with a history of obesity presents with leg pain, swelling, and skin changes. On examination, you note varicose veins and symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency. Which of the following medications is indicated for the medical management of chronic venous insufficiency in this patient?
A) Aspirin
B) Furosemide
C) Heparin
D) Pentoxifylline
E) Rivaroxaban
Rationale: Pentoxifylline is indicated for the medical management of chronic venous insufficiency to improve blood flow and reduce symptoms.
A 70-year-old patient with a history of diabetes and hypertension presents with bilateral leg swelling and discomfort. On examination, you note varicose veins and symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency. Which of the following medications is indicated for the medical management of chronic venous insufficiency in this patient?
A) Aspirin
B) Furosemide
C) Heparin
D) Pentoxifylline
E) Warfarin
Rationale: Pentoxifylline is indicated for the medical management of chronic venous insufficiency to improve blood flow and reduce symptoms.
A 40-year-old patient with a 20-year history of smoking presents for assistance with smoking cessation. The patient has tried quitting several times without success and is motivated to quit smoking. Which of the following medications is considered the first-line therapy for smoking cessation?
A) Aspirin
B) Furosemide
C) Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT)
D) Varenicline
E) Bupropion
Rationale: Varenicline, a partial nicotinic receptor agonist, is considered the first-line therapy for smoking cessation due to its efficacy in reducing withdrawal symptoms and cravings.
A 45-year-old patient with a 25-year history of smoking is interested in quitting. The patient has tried quitting cold turkey in the past without success. Which of the following medications for smoking cessation acts by reducing the desire to smoke and withdrawal symptoms?
A) Aspirin
B) Furosemide
C) Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT)
D) Varenicline
E) Clopidogrel
Rationale: Varenicline, a partial nicotinic receptor agonist, is indicated for smoking cessation and helps reduce the desire to smoke and withdrawal symptoms.
A 50-year-old patient with a 30-year history of smoking has tried multiple times to quit without success. The patient is interested in using a smoking cessation medication that is not nicotine-based. Which of the following non-nicotine medications for smoking cessation can be considered for this patient?
A) Aspirin
B) Furosemide
C) Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT)
D) Varenicline
E) Bupropion
Rationale: Bupropion, an atypical antidepressant, is a non-nicotine medication that can be considered for smoking cessation due to its ability to reduce withdrawal symptoms and cravings.
A 60-year-old patient with a 40-year history of smoking presents with progressive weight loss, fatigue, and yellowing of the skin and eyes. On physical examination, you note hepatomegaly. Laboratory tests reveal elevated liver enzymes and bilirubin. Imaging shows intrahepatic masses. Which of the following complications of smoking is most likely in this patient?
A) Coronary artery disease (CAD)
B) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
C) Liver cancer
D) Hypertension
E) Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Rationale: The patient’s smoking history, symptoms, physical examination findings, and imaging results are suggestive of liver cancer, which can be associated with smoking.
A 50-year-old patient with a 30-year history of smoking presents with recurrent episodes of heartburn, regurgitation, and difficulty swallowing. Upper endoscopy reveals erosive esophagitis and a hiatal hernia. Which of the following complications of smoking is most likely in this patient?
A) Coronary artery disease (CAD)
B) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
C) Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
D) Hypertension
E) Lung cancer
Rationale: The patient’s smoking history, symptoms of heartburn and regurgitation, and findings on upper endoscopy are suggestive of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), which can be exacerbated by smoking.